ELECTRICITY BASISS AND MAGNET

Activity of this learning aim to give knowledge allowance and skill to

participant diklat about electricity basiss and magnet that is often applied at

electronics circuit. . You can expressed has successfully finalizes this module

if you had spelt all fill from this module is including theory training and

practice of truly have also followed evaluation in the form of test with minimum score

it is 70.

a. Purpose Of Study Activity of 1

After studying this matter student earns :

1. Explains electrical understanding

2. Mentions conductor material

3. Mentions insulator material

4. Mentions type, form and magnet property

5. Explains electromagnet, as of ldf induction and mutual induction

b. Breakdown of matter 1

A. Electricity

Electricity is electrons flow from atom to atom at a conductor.

To comprehend and understands about electricity, let us sama-sam looks at

smallest division from substance that is atom. All atoms has particle which

called as electron to lay in its(the orbit encircling proton.
Simplest atom is atom Hydrogen ( Water Atom), that is only

has one electrons encircling one protons.

Atom that is most complicated is uranium atom. This atom has 92 electrons

around proton core. All substances ( element) has separate atomic structure.

Every element has number of the same electrons and proton.

Drawing 12

Uranium Atom

Copper has 29 protons, its(the electrons spread over at 4 orbit battery,

which most external only one electrons. This is secret from electricity conductor which

good. Every substance having atomic structure less than 4 orbit that is most external

or measures up to energy?power to pass good.
If(when substance having atomic structure more than 4 electron at orbit line which

most external in mentioning packer ( non conductor).

Substance having a few electrons at most external orbit line, its(the electron

easier to make a move from its(the orbit by low strain. This thing would

causes the happening of electron flow from atom to atom.

Like we have studied that atom has proton and electron, masingmasing

particle has potential force ( potential of force). Proton charges

positive, while electron haves negative charge. Proton at atomic nucleus draws

electron and arrest;detains electron at orbit line during positive charge from proton

equal to negative charge from electron or has neutral electricity.

When happened neutral cargo of circulating electron marked with lines orbit to earn with

easy to make a move if electrons pulled is far by other atom, the atom

becomes haves positif charge and go away it electron pulled by atom which

the other results the atom haves negative charge. Loading atom

negativity (-) has number of abundant electrons, while atom which

haves positif charge (+) number of its(the electrons a few or lacking of electrons.
Showing above drawing is displacement of electron based on experiment if(when

a gum joint ( rubber rod ) rubbed with drugget, electrons would

makes a move and gathers at gum joint. Thereby its(the condition drugget

becomes lacking of electron , while gum has electron excess

becomes haves negative charge.

Hereinafter gum joint touch to sphere will cause the happening of

displacement of excess of electron to sphere, in this case sphere has cargo

the same with gum joint.

If gum joint we drew near again to sphere hence sphere will make a move

avoids gum joint as seen at drawing. Equally cargo which

namesake will refuse refuses. On trial the both loading

negativity, if both haves positif charge there will be similar thing.

U Sulfur

Drawing 1. 5
This free electron oscillates at random in space in interposing atoms.

This electrons impulse named diffusion ( diffusion ).

Example of conductor : iron, copper, aluminum, silver, and other metal.

2. Semi of Conductor ( semi conductor).

Semi of conductor is a material improper is conceived of

conductor, nor it is good to is conceived of non conductor ( Insulator).

Example: Germanium.

In this material there's only one or two atom losing electron from

one hundred million ( 108 ) atom.

3. Insulator ( non conductor)

Insulator is material which cannot send electric current.

Example: gum, plastics, paper, timber, mica ., and his(its conspecific.

At insulator of all electrons tied at its(the atom and there is no electron which

free. Material type like this classified as packer or not

conductor ( Insulator).

C. Magnet

C1 Magnet Understanding.

Simply magnet can be interpreted as substance ( iron) what has

atomic nucleus. The atom has a number of electrons the always peripatetic

orbits atomic nucleus ( proton and neutron ). Lodestone has 2 ( two)

pole ( nose), that is north pole and antartic. At poles that is

focused magnetic force, that is attractive force and repulsive force.
Theory about magnet is not quit of explanation of about electricity. Even

magnetism is phenomenon yielded by behavior of electricity. Every

atom there is electrons that is the always peripatetic encircles core ( proton

and neutron). This electron impulse yields magnet forces. Force

magnet is in the form of circle is closed [by] outside electron at the time of peripatetic electron.

This thing is provable at experiment following about existence of magnet around

conductor flown by electric current.
Based on above theory, arising line of force around [by] magnet rasher

actually is gathering / accumulation of force lines which

yielded by electron impulse orbiting its(the core. While at metal

which is not magnet, its(the electron orbit is not regular so that line of force

yielded every electron is each other remove. Thereby force in

around magnet doesn't emerge.

C. 2 Magnet Types

Magnet can be classified to 2 ( two) type.

a. Permanent magnet ( permanent).

Permanent magnet is magnet obtained from within nature ( mining

). This magnet in the form of iron type so-called Lodstone. Magnet atom property

permanent unlike current assetiva magnet atom property. At material magnat,

electron orbit at atom which one and other formed formation

parallel and always remain. While at material which is not magnet,

direction of electron orbit in each not regular atom.

b. Current assetiva magnet ( remanen or artificial).

Erratic magnet consisted of 2 ( two) kinds, that is :

1) Magnet result of induction.

Magnet result of this induction made of iron or steel. To make it

becomes magnet, required magnetic field influence from outside his(its.

Magnetic field will influence orbital direction of electron becomes is regular

uniform at one way only. Result of his(its is the iron will become

magnet. Process of this magnet called as induction. While

magnet which is called as magnet result of induction.
Magnet result of tentative induction. Why that way ? Because

if magnetic field made in vinicity is eliminated, hence line

electron will return not regular keposisi. Equally

its(the magnetism becomes losing.

2) Magnet result of electrical treatment.

This magnet made of mild steel ( low carbon steel ). This steel selected

because its(the magnetism property mild steel property is relative easy to be eliminated.

Omission of this magnet property of course is needed to deconvolution

all equipmentses of magnet result of electrical treatment because often pole - its(the pole of magnet must fluctuate at a speed of certain.

To form this magnet, required elektro-magnet ( would

explained hereinafter) as component of source of magnetic field.
1. Magnet Propertys.

Magnet property is drawing is interesting if drawn near [by] two magnet which

not of a kind. And will refuse refuses if drawn near [by] two magnet

conspecific.

Nature of differ from magnet is magnet line of force will flow from pole

south to north pole through magnetic field.

Magnetic Field and magnetic force handcuffs of vital importance. With existence of

dislocation stress field and magnet line of force causes magnet hardly is of benefit to

human life, especially in supporting technology exploiting,

like at area Otomotif.
Magnetic field can yield electric current at conductor cord if

proportioned peripatetic medanmagnet with the conductor cord. Besides

that, aruslistrikyang yielded by magnetic field flowing at a

conductor earns also functioning for accumulator filling at carriage ( charge).

Fundamental key to facilitate us in usage of magnet that is :

Ensured that magnet line of force to flow from antartic to pole

north

Exit magnet line of force from reenter north pole through pole

south.

This thing is visible at drawing 17 above.

4. Pole of magnet.

Magnet has dipole that is north pole and antartic. Determination

magnet dipole hardly assists us in magnet usage. For

can know direction of line of force in magnetic field, beforehand must

known its(the pole. Given the north pole and magnet antartic

hence we can ascertain direction of magnet line of force.

Therefore pole of magnet can assist us in magnet usage,

especially to know direction of magnet line of force.

D. Induction

1. Electromagnet

Coil flown by electric current to turn into magnet called as

Electromagnet.

Talks about magnet tid quit of ak of discussion about electricity.

Statement

the has been proved on trial.

For example ; if(when a compass is put down close to a conductor which

is being flown aruslistrik, hence the compass will make a move on course

certain like showed at drawing following.
Peripatetic compass because influenced by magnetic field. This means that

compass impulse like at above experiment is as result of existence of dislocation stress field

magnet yielded by electron impulse at conductor cord.

There is 3 ( three) way which can be done to strengthen magnetic field at

electromagnet :

a. Makes iron core at coil.

This way done by way of putting down iron rasher in

coil flown by electricity. The iron will become erratic magnet

( artificial or remanen). Because iron core becomes magnet, hence the iron core

will yield magnetic field.

Other the side of coil also will yield magnetic field at direction

the same at iron core.

This thing will cause the happening of amplification of magnetic field. Amplification

magnetic field obtained from quantifying of magnetic field yielded

by iron with magnetic field yielded by coil.

b. Adds number of coils.

Every - every electromagnet coil yields magnetic field. With

addition of number of coils has of course will strengthen magnetic field

as a whole. Strong of electromagnet dislocation stress field is number of from

magnetic field yielded by each coil.

c. Enlarges current flowing at coil.

Level of current flown at coil to compare straight with

level of magnetic field. Every electron flowing at conductor

yields magnetic field. Thereby total dislocation stress field depended
from the many electrons flowing every second or total field intensity

determined by level of current flowing at coil.

2. Electric induction

a. Induction x'self ( As of ldf induction ).

Induction x'self is voltage appearance at one particular coil

at the time of the happening of transformation of direction arusApabila a conductor cord

proportioned with magnetic field, hence there will be strain at cord

the. This phenomenon difficult to be explained but have been received as

a real important natural law. Especially to explain kejadiankejadian

at one particular cord flown by electricity. If strong of its(the current changes

hence dislocation stress field yielded swell will or minimizes cuts

itself cord causing arises electromotive force at the cord.

Case of like this called as induction x'self.
b. Induction mutual ( Mutual induction ).

If electric current flown at one of cord hence will arise

magnetic field in each penampang cord. The magnetic field would

swell although only during a real shortened and

cuts second conductor cord. At the time of this is arising kinetik force

electricity at second conductor so-called induction mutual.