Interesting question was, how if JSON is contested with XML. Although possible result of his(its looks like ? lm horor Freddy vs Jason, two figures horor which is each other gives battle.
If You sees final_ ? lm, it is possible that makes an issue about who did more pre-eminent.
Some comparable things between XML vs JSON, inter alia:
1. Writing Format.
XML has a real format familiar for you are which has recognized HTML. Whereas JSON, like the one your sees example of above code, also has format yangsederhana and easy to be comprehended. Then, its(the question is which easier?
Simply answers question of this simple also not easy, quite a lot telling easier JSON, as well as on the contrary.
For person writer, each there are advantage and disadvantage, writing of JSON using square bracket symbol and streamer cage, also quote, can complicate manual read, so that error types more difficult to be detected.
But, representation to a complicated data structure and is in the form of hierarchical of writing of more relative JSON structural and easy.
2. Scale.
If it is compared to in general, character scale required by smaller JSON compared to XML for the same data. This thing of course influential also at a speed of data transfer, although not signi? isn't it for small data, but enough meaned if you to apply koneksi which slow is relative to access the application of rich web ? tur exploiting data transfer.
Here JSON is more pre-eminently is compared to XML, unless data is compression beforehand before sent, difference of JSON and XML which has been compression not signi?kan
3. Browser Parsing.
Process parsing is processing recognition of token or small parts in document circuit XML/JSON.
Its(the example, you has data text in format JSON like example which we have studied, the data di-parsing must beforehand before can be accessed and dima-nipulation.
Browser parsing means process parsing happened at side client/browser.
Does browser parsing at JSON is more modestly compared to at XML, JSON to apply function JavaScript eval() to do parsing. Whereas document XML di-parsing by XMLHttpRequest. Average of survey coronates JSON as winner if it is racing its(the parsing.
4. Format Conversion.
Of course enough ironic, data format like XML and JSON is made with a purpose to that bahasa/format transfer of data applied able to apply universal, but because the many data format type choices utilized, it is possible that you must do conversion antarformat data which “ universal” the.
So, data format which really coming up with is universal understanding till now possible has not is exist, its(the profit is altogether bases on text, causing is enabled format conversion that is relative easy.
If it is compared to, easier XML format to be converted to other format, like HTML, SVG, comma-delimited, as well as JSON. One of them is is blessing of XSLT ( Extensible
Stylesheet Language Transformations), which digunakanuntuk orthogonal transformation of document XML to other document format, support from XSLT which is good at browser side and server increasingly waters down process in general.
At JSON, its(the process converts to other format has not the seleniums, because has not made available support from built-in as XSLT for XML. Although this thing is possible only time problem if JSON increasingly acceptable public. Wide acceptable and good product of course will get many supports and creates mutual profitting business opportunity.
5. Security and safety.
Like has been told, function of eval() does parsing JSON, becomes object JavaScript readily is applied. This thing generates security and safety aperture because enabling the entry of codes in the form of function undesirable executable, in consequence ascertains data JSON which you applies coming from trustworthy source.
For reason of the security and safety, process parsing JSON often is equiped with attachment security and safety, for example by adding regular expression.
Website jsonorg provides Library JavaScript which can be download in http://www.json.org/json2.js, where library recommends usage of function its(the parse in the place of function eval(). Because securit
8/29/09
JSON and RSS
You often hears RSS ( Really Simple Syndication) atau-pun Atom, which is format web feed, now has many applied by consumer Internet to be able to follow news at website its(the favorite.
JSON also serve the purpose of format web feed, one of them is by using Google Data APIs ( or usualy is shortened GData). GDATA x'self is protocol to read and writes data at web, what done GData is do format conversion XML feed becomes format JSON.
Not different far, Yahoo! Pipette also does orthogonal transformation RSS feed from format XML into format JSON, so that your website earns data access direct RSS is not requiring script at server side.
With support from two this Internet giants, usage of JSON seems to be have and would increasingly extends enoughly signi?kan ( who ignores Google and Yahoo!), and unavoidably, of course also invites debate of pro and counter about better which, JSON or XML.
Although for the existing, existence of XML in RSS explains that there are still be required by format JSON is converting from format XML which there have. But, supposing there are two nahkoda in one ships, always available debate space which is difficult ended.
JSON also serve the purpose of format web feed, one of them is by using Google Data APIs ( or usualy is shortened GData). GDATA x'self is protocol to read and writes data at web, what done GData is do format conversion XML feed becomes format JSON.
Not different far, Yahoo! Pipette also does orthogonal transformation RSS feed from format XML into format JSON, so that your website earns data access direct RSS is not requiring script at server side.
With support from two this Internet giants, usage of JSON seems to be have and would increasingly extends enoughly signi?kan ( who ignores Google and Yahoo!), and unavoidably, of course also invites debate of pro and counter about better which, JSON or XML.
Although for the existing, existence of XML in RSS explains that there are still be required by format JSON is converting from format XML which there have. But, supposing there are two nahkoda in one ships, always available debate space which is difficult ended.
Combination Trap JSON and AJAX
JSON often applied in the application of AJAX alternatively other usage XML. Solution about AJAX have ever been discussed in former edition of PC Media, but merely reminding again, marginally AJAX is engineering to create the application of web which interaktif, doesn't fail with the application of desktop. This thing makes difference line between the application of web and the application of desktop increasingly thin.
Web interaktif, it is of course entangles transfer of data between servers and browser, data format utilized better have the character of universal, light, and easy to be implementation.
Because that is XML often applied in the application of AJAX. But now, AJAX has JSON alternatively new couple. Although XML likely has bound AJAX through abbreviations AJAX itself: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, but what is the meaning a name? This thing validitys only, Let's say AJAX nor will fail with selebriti in the case of change repeatedly couple.
But hitting its(the gum is isn't it programmer? Because having to studies again new programming, new way, new engineering, and so? If so, blames just of programmer ( what makes JSON and other technology), because creating all the things the has just.
A few messages of morale if as programmer we complain because studying new thing: work of programmer claimed to create new thing, its(the example from making the application of simple, makes manual system to become automatic, or even makes rival JSON ( might possibly, not?), where the masterpiece has just meaned if some'x to apply or studies it, then what is the reason of we to complain because there is new thing of which must be studied?
Even though, selective remain to be keyword to study technology.
Returns at couple JSON and AJAX, following will be presented combination trap simple sample JSON and AJAX. We will make the application of web presenting simple at random a song taken away from gathering of song with data format JSON.
Prepares a ? le text as data, name berry ? le following with datatxt, is containing:
{“ playing”:[
{“ title”: “ Bat Country”,
“ singer”: “ Avenged Sevenfold”
},
{“ title”: “ Amazing”,
“ singer”: “ Aerosmith”
},
{“ title”: “ Pull Me Under”,
“ singer”: “ Dream Theater”
}]
}
Example of data above menyimpan three fruit of song title along with name of penyanyi/band bringing it. The next of we will make a ? le HTML, berry name of with indexhtml, and contains code as follows:
< html>
< head>
< title> JSON - Ajax Demo < /title>
< script type=”text/javascript”>
var url = “ datatxt”;
function handleHttpResponse() {
if ( httpreadyState == 4)
if(httpstatus==200) {
var results = eval(‘(‘ + httpresponseText + ‘)');
// random from 0 to 2
var rand_no = Mathrandom();
rand_no = rand_no * 3;
rand_no = Mathceil(rand_no);
rand_no = rand_no - 1;
documentwrite(“ - by “);
}
}
}
function requestInput() {
httpopen(“GET”, url, true);
httponreadystatechange = handleHttpResponse;
httpsend(null);
}
function getHTTPObject() {
var xmlhttp;
if(windowXMLHttpRequest){
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else if ( windowActiveXObject){
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject(“MicrosoftXMLHTTP”);
if (! xmlhttp){
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject(“Msxml2XMLHTTP”);
}
}
return xmlhttp;
}
var http = getHTTPObject();
< /script>
< /head>
< body>
< INPUT type=”button” id=button2 onclick=”requestInput()”
value=”Sekarang Is Turning Around Song...” />
< /body>
< /html>
Implements indexhtml at your browser through HTTP. Initial appearance would like at Gambar 1.
If You clicks nipple “ Now Medium MemutarLagu...”, hence will come up at random a song title along with its(the singer like at Gambar 2.
Purposive sample made to be basic and simple, because after you comprehends mode of action of above program, hence you will be able to do modi?kasi further don't know by using database, or applies programming language PHP, ASP/ASPNET, and so.
Web interaktif, it is of course entangles transfer of data between servers and browser, data format utilized better have the character of universal, light, and easy to be implementation.
Because that is XML often applied in the application of AJAX. But now, AJAX has JSON alternatively new couple. Although XML likely has bound AJAX through abbreviations AJAX itself: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, but what is the meaning a name? This thing validitys only, Let's say AJAX nor will fail with selebriti in the case of change repeatedly couple.
But hitting its(the gum is isn't it programmer? Because having to studies again new programming, new way, new engineering, and so? If so, blames just of programmer ( what makes JSON and other technology), because creating all the things the has just.
A few messages of morale if as programmer we complain because studying new thing: work of programmer claimed to create new thing, its(the example from making the application of simple, makes manual system to become automatic, or even makes rival JSON ( might possibly, not?), where the masterpiece has just meaned if some'x to apply or studies it, then what is the reason of we to complain because there is new thing of which must be studied?
Even though, selective remain to be keyword to study technology.
Returns at couple JSON and AJAX, following will be presented combination trap simple sample JSON and AJAX. We will make the application of web presenting simple at random a song taken away from gathering of song with data format JSON.
Prepares a ? le text as data, name berry ? le following with datatxt, is containing:
{“ playing”:[
{“ title”: “ Bat Country”,
“ singer”: “ Avenged Sevenfold”
},
{“ title”: “ Amazing”,
“ singer”: “ Aerosmith”
},
{“ title”: “ Pull Me Under”,
“ singer”: “ Dream Theater”
}]
}
Example of data above menyimpan three fruit of song title along with name of penyanyi/band bringing it. The next of we will make a ? le HTML, berry name of with indexhtml, and contains code as follows:
< html>
< head>
< title> JSON - Ajax Demo < /title>
< script type=”text/javascript”>
var url = “ datatxt”;
function handleHttpResponse() {
if ( httpreadyState == 4)
if(httpstatus==200) {
var results = eval(‘(‘ + httpresponseText + ‘)');
// random from 0 to 2
var rand_no = Mathrandom();
rand_no = rand_no * 3;
rand_no = Mathceil(rand_no);
rand_no = rand_no - 1;
documentwrite(“ - by “);
}
}
}
function requestInput() {
httpopen(“GET”, url, true);
httponreadystatechange = handleHttpResponse;
httpsend(null);
}
function getHTTPObject() {
var xmlhttp;
if(windowXMLHttpRequest){
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else if ( windowActiveXObject){
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject(“MicrosoftXMLHTTP”);
if (! xmlhttp){
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject(“Msxml2XMLHTTP”);
}
}
return xmlhttp;
}
var http = getHTTPObject();
< /script>
< /head>
< body>
< INPUT type=”button” id=button2 onclick=”requestInput()”
value=”Sekarang Is Turning Around Song...” />
< /body>
< /html>
Implements indexhtml at your browser through HTTP. Initial appearance would like at Gambar 1.
If You clicks nipple “ Now Medium MemutarLagu...”, hence will come up at random a song title along with its(the singer like at Gambar 2.
Purposive sample made to be basic and simple, because after you comprehends mode of action of above program, hence you will be able to do modi?kasi further don't know by using database, or applies programming language PHP, ASP/ASPNET, and so.
Combination Trap JSON and HTML
We direct would the application of JSON in coding, for the purpose is better if you has mastered basiss HTML/JavaScript, which it is of course will water down understanding process.
To be more recognizes how JSON to explain a data, following is example of writing of JSON in a ? le HTML:
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script>
// JSON
var myObject = {“ product”: {
“ fruit”:[
{“ name”: “ banana”,
“ price”: 1000
},
{“ name”: “ apple”,
“ price”: 7000
}],
“ ATK”:[
{“ name”: “ pulpen”,
“ price”: 500
},
{“ name”: “ ruler”,
“ price”: 100
}]
}};
document.writeln(myObject.produk.buah[1].nama); // its(the output is apple
document.writeln(myObject.produk.buah[1].harga); // its(the output is 7000
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Example above declaration of data with JSON. Seen like a data structure that is enough easy to be understood, not?
To access and presents it, you can apply comand JavaScript documentwriteln like the one is written also at above program code.
Sees way of writing of JSON, Anda of course will tolerate why JSON is abbreviations from JavaScript Object Notation, because JSON of course bases on JavaScript.
Data type in JSON can be categorized as beri-kut:
1. Number ( in the form of integer, real, or ? oating point).
2. String.
3. Boolean ( true and false).
4. Array.
5. Object.
6. null.
To be more recognizes how JSON to explain a data, following is example of writing of JSON in a ? le HTML:
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script>
// JSON
var myObject = {“ product”: {
“ fruit”:[
{“ name”: “ banana”,
“ price”: 1000
},
{“ name”: “ apple”,
“ price”: 7000
}],
“ ATK”:[
{“ name”: “ pulpen”,
“ price”: 500
},
{“ name”: “ ruler”,
“ price”: 100
}]
}};
document.writeln(myObject.produk.buah[1].nama); // its(the output is apple
document.writeln(myObject.produk.buah[1].harga); // its(the output is 7000
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Example above declaration of data with JSON. Seen like a data structure that is enough easy to be understood, not?
To access and presents it, you can apply comand JavaScript documentwriteln like the one is written also at above program code.
Sees way of writing of JSON, Anda of course will tolerate why JSON is abbreviations from JavaScript Object Notation, because JSON of course bases on JavaScript.
Data type in JSON can be categorized as beri-kut:
1. Number ( in the form of integer, real, or ? oating point).
2. String.
3. Boolean ( true and false).
4. Array.
5. Object.
6. null.
Is JSON
Usage of XML of course brings transformation that is relative quickly and signi?kan but, is a period of feather in one's cap of middle XML challenges with new format appearance so called JSON? JSON ( read like mentioning name: Jason) be abbreviations from JavaScript Object Notation. Like also XML, JSON in the form of text-based, and has easy to read format.
Might not ending would compare old technology and has just because always generates pro and counter. In other technological side always accelerates, included in transfer technology of data web. Besides JSON is orienting JavaScript, have also been recognized YAML taking concept from multilingual ( XML, C, Perl).
Presence as of row markup language/format transfer of this data is one of reflection of the existing Internet technology face, if formerly programming language ( remembers Pascal age, Turbo of C, then Delphi, Visual Basic) pointed to create application from beginning, hence now linguistic like XML, JSON are more pointed to link applications to earn is each other communicate.
Might not ending would compare old technology and has just because always generates pro and counter. In other technological side always accelerates, included in transfer technology of data web. Besides JSON is orienting JavaScript, have also been recognized YAML taking concept from multilingual ( XML, C, Perl).
Presence as of row markup language/format transfer of this data is one of reflection of the existing Internet technology face, if formerly programming language ( remembers Pascal age, Turbo of C, then Delphi, Visual Basic) pointed to create application from beginning, hence now linguistic like XML, JSON are more pointed to link applications to earn is each other communicate.
JSON FOR TRANSFER of DATA WEB
XML have been long enough been known as transfer format of data which many applied in the application of web, but do not mean the only. Now, JSON is one of other alternative. Joko Nurjadi
A FEW initial FLASHBACK of birth XML, let us returns to a period of year-end of 1990-an. For You are which has recognized Internet in that period, transfer of data antar-web can be spelled out members hardly minim. Even dispersion has various website in Internet, generally they are each other independent, in meaning of menyimpan its(the data is each and not to is exchanged with other website.
Its(the example is as follows, website A is website news presenting news is now, then website B wish to take coming up news dynamically at website A, how? Of course is required delivery of data containing newest news from website A to website B.
Some solutions which can be done website B before technology XML is recognized is meng-copy the news manual ( a tiring way), makes reader program website A which then takes and memparsing its(the news ( a complex way), braids same work
with website A and does sharing/pertukaran database ( a expensive way).
For this problem solving by the way of brief, simple, and at the same time cheap, XML present as its(the solution.
With format markup language which ? eksibel for any kind, you earn mende?nisikan data element and does transfer of data antar-website.
Expansions of XML still going on finite we can see face website these days, where you can find easily a blog loading video YouTube, drawing slid from Flickr, news, and others, with governing options which can be adapted for your desire.
A FEW initial FLASHBACK of birth XML, let us returns to a period of year-end of 1990-an. For You are which has recognized Internet in that period, transfer of data antar-web can be spelled out members hardly minim. Even dispersion has various website in Internet, generally they are each other independent, in meaning of menyimpan its(the data is each and not to is exchanged with other website.
Its(the example is as follows, website A is website news presenting news is now, then website B wish to take coming up news dynamically at website A, how? Of course is required delivery of data containing newest news from website A to website B.
Some solutions which can be done website B before technology XML is recognized is meng-copy the news manual ( a tiring way), makes reader program website A which then takes and memparsing its(the news ( a complex way), braids same work
with website A and does sharing/pertukaran database ( a expensive way).
For this problem solving by the way of brief, simple, and at the same time cheap, XML present as its(the solution.
With format markup language which ? eksibel for any kind, you earn mende?nisikan data element and does transfer of data antar-website.
Expansions of XML still going on finite we can see face website these days, where you can find easily a blog loading video YouTube, drawing slid from Flickr, news, and others, with governing options which can be adapted for your desire.
coastal
coast, what your thought of if hearing the word coast? big wave, beautiful view or beautiful woman is being sunning?
coastal of course identical denagn all, coastal always offers beauty [of] which cannot be refused for look and enjoyed, very acurate coast as place of release fatigue, looks for kesujukan for freshness of soul and mind from work business, became if you to go against the stomach in keseharain, tries you to go kesuatu beautiful place and pleases, hence you will get spirit [of] more later.
coastal of course identical denagn all, coastal always offers beauty [of] which cannot be refused for look and enjoyed, very acurate coast as place of release fatigue, looks for kesujukan for freshness of soul and mind from work business, became if you to go against the stomach in keseharain, tries you to go kesuatu beautiful place and pleases, hence you will get spirit [of] more later.
time
you have ever thought, that life we limited by time?
for some people something feels limited and adapula which is not feels limited by time, man who mearsa limited by time was people - man who is lazy, because if s(he is not lazy hence time will felt quickly, on the contrary, man who is feeling was not limited by time was people - man is striving, because s(he day do not want to - its(the day castaway sia - sia, lazy quit of or not people because time, but we cannot disobey that time hardly assists us in life one day - day, tried you to imagine otherwise time, of course life we are not karuan, we are not tau when mealtime, bedtime, time woke up, time took a bath, time worked etc..
for some people something feels limited and adapula which is not feels limited by time, man who mearsa limited by time was people - man who is lazy, because if s(he is not lazy hence time will felt quickly, on the contrary, man who is feeling was not limited by time was people - man is striving, because s(he day do not want to - its(the day castaway sia - sia, lazy quit of or not people because time, but we cannot disobey that time hardly assists us in life one day - day, tried you to imagine otherwise time, of course life we are not karuan, we are not tau when mealtime, bedtime, time woke up, time took a bath, time worked etc..
Soul, body, liver / feeling and mind as one unities in forming man who perfect.
perfection of man of course cannot be measured by any except by their/his self, sometimes man sees perfection from the angle of its(the physical is only, also there is seeing from the angle of non physical.
man can be told perfection if(when s(he doesn't lose from one other at under this:
Soul,
Body,
Liver / feeling, and
Mind.
man which do not have soul, of course the man have been dyeing, man is having no body, of course that is non-human, but spectre or his(its conspecific, man is having no hati/perasaan of course that is non-human, but animal, man who haves no idea that is permanent is man but have been out of senses or madness, in consequence thanks goodness man who is not lack of from soul, body, liver / feeling and mind which has been given by the infinite, applies for thing - good thing, be not for
man can be told perfection if(when s(he doesn't lose from one other at under this:
Soul,
Body,
Liver / feeling, and
Mind.
man which do not have soul, of course the man have been dyeing, man is having no body, of course that is non-human, but spectre or his(its conspecific, man is having no hati/perasaan of course that is non-human, but animal, man who haves no idea that is permanent is man but have been out of senses or madness, in consequence thanks goodness man who is not lack of from soul, body, liver / feeling and mind which has been given by the infinite, applies for thing - good thing, be not for
OSILOSKOP
In this unit you studies about mode of action and construction and mode of action from
a cathode-ray tube and studies function from oscilloscope governors
most commonly and can apply it to present a scar
waving at [screen/sail].
You can expressed had successfully finalizes this module if you had spelt
all fill from this module is including theory training and practice of truly have also
follows evaluation in the form of test with score a minimum of is 70.
a. Purpose of study activity of 3
To graduate from this nit you must earn :
? Applies Digital And analogous Multimeter
? Explains fundamental construction and mode of action from a cathode-ray tube
? co-signature function of from every common governor at multiple scar oscilloscope.
? Arranges oscilloscope governors to present a scar
wave.
b. Breakdown Of Matter
To comprehend measuring instrument of oscilloscope, hence you beforehand ism should have
and skilled applies digital and analogous multimeter.
Multimeter in principle is a measuring instrument to be used for gauging
– gauging :
? Alternating current strain
? Direct current strain
? Resistance
? Electric Current DC and AC
For continuing studies oscilloscope, initial prerequisite of which you must fulfill
it is apply digital and analogous multimeter
After you can answer question - question following with correct answer
one hundred %, you are enabled to continues study about oscilloscope.
? Is difference of digital and analogous multimeter
? Explains way is using analogous multimeter
? Explains way is using digital multimeter
? Any kind of which you must pay attention to do
gauging of alternating current strain
? Explains way is doing gauging of dc strain
Is Oscilloscope Understanding?
An oscilloscope is an equipments of test applied to see a
electrical signal drawing. Simply oscilloscope can show forming of a
electrical signal and this electrical signal named with signal wave form.
Oscilloscope had a [screen/sail] similar to a television [screen/sail] and only far
smaller. The oscilloscope presents a line which light which
shows transformations of strain for located line time period
at [screen/sail]. Example of this appearance types seen in each hospital television
applied to show heartbeat activity.
Oscilloscope [screen/sail] has a grating lines horizontal and vertical indented
1 cm and this grid line permits to us to do read
strain and time. The lines is named [by] lines graticule.
Name of complete from oscilloscope is Osiloskop Sinar Katoda ( Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope) and abbreviations generally is CRO. The technicians often calls it
with word “ has seen wave form at CRO”. Cathode [light/ray] term
emerges from name of [screen/sail] complete so-called Cathode Ray Tube or CRT. So CRT
it is part of CRO. Television picture tube also is named CRT.
Measuring Instrument DC and AC as far as which has been studied can inform to us
amplitude scale from a strain however this measuring instrument cannot show
to us like is its form. Frequently amplitude scale is all which
we required however if more amount of information required hence device
the measure cannot provide it. a measuring instrument will not earn
shows to us strain a signal experiences defect or shows
to us that already happened existence of a modulation of brief strain.
For example a technician applies a CRO to see strain
audio is being strengthened and sees it at one particular the brace interior point
which already happened distortion ( wave defect). Other example is when technician
applies CRO utnuk to see a computer and gets brief modulation
from strain which has caused trouble, a modulation which haves no
detected by measuring instrument.
Cheap measuring instrument in price, easy to apply it and can be brought everywhere.
Every technician has it one or multiple. But is side that is oscilloscope
very expensive in price and generally big and heavy and operated with
mesh voltage. This oscilloscope can also difficult to apply it because having
many governors.
Though seen to be difficult to operate oscilloscope but all oscilloscope
applies principle - the same basis principle and has fundamental governors
the same. If you are telahf comprehends principle - this principle hence you earns
animates and applies any oscilloscope.
Fundamental Mode Of Action
Utility of oscilloscope is to present a wave form at [screen/sail]
and all from governor and depth circuit available to the utility.
Best way to comprehend an oscilloscope is comprehend what which
happened at [screen/sail].
[screen/sail] is a picture tube similar to the picture tube in
a plane tv, however in this case picture tube only present one
colour ( usually green).
CRT made from glass and atmosphere in it many thrown. a strain
interfaced to element of heater that is aflame by ruddling temperature and
heats cathode. The heater is source of red burning which
sometime seen when you sees vent hole at backside
a gogle-box. When cathode which close to the heater receives
hot hence the cathode is emission electron-elektron is leaving
equiamplitude surface of the cathode.
If electron-elektron have leaved cathode hence all electron
has is potential negativeness and pulled towards positive strains. CRT
has metal grid and plates having positive strain in each grating
and interesting plate and influences electron-elektron.
Acceleration grid draws electron-elektron and with force said that is hence
grids quickens it to pass through kisikisi acceleration and raced [by]
hereinafter go down to throat CRT.
Then kisi-kis i pemfokus forms electron-elektron which has been quickened
towards to point of focus electron so-called with bundle electron.
If bundle electron bump phospor will yield a point of acahaya
at [screen/sail].
This light would remain to blazed at [screen/sail] for an a flash in the pan period and
then in process of time becomes fade, this property named energy?power maintains
light from phospor. If this electron bundle defended to bump phospor
returns at the same point hence will emerge impressing continuous point
aglow because of continuously is renewed or refreshed.
Still there is again other grating so-called a real near by controller grating
with cathode. This grating has negative strain and tries to refuse
negative electron-elektron. If negativity strain enough big hence s(he would
stops bundle electron and there is no light which would seen at [screen/sail]. At
lower negativity strain hence this strain will control brightness
from point at [screen/sail].
Divertor plates controls kemana baerkas electron box
[screen/sail]. Two plate tides is required funtuk to control the bundle, yuaitu plate
divertor horizontal and divertor plate vertical. Divertor plate horizontal can
removes bundle and light spot that is yielding beam in
horizontal to [screen/sail] while plates vertical can remove bundle and
point of light to the above and downwards [screen/sail].
Divertor plate vertical having upper bagianf a positive strain and division plate
under having a negativity strain. Thereby bundle electron pulled to
direction of positive strain and refused by negative strain causing bundle electron and
the light spot is moved to [screen/sail] top. By inverting strain
at divertor plates vertical hence maemindahkan the point will towards to
[screen/sail] lower part.
Positive strain at divertor plate horizontal right side interesting binded electron
and point of cahay a towards towards left of [screen/sail].. Left divertor plate has strain
negativity refusing bundle electron to avoid [screen/sail] side left side.
By changing is big and polarity from strains interfaced to
divertor plate horizontal and vertical hence bundle electron can be carried over
overall of [screen/sail]. The light spot impulse is removed to orbit which
same then [screen/sail] will present a light line which permanent.
electron bundle usually peripatetic from left of dextrorse and yields a
line through [screen/sail] so-called sweep ( sweep). When the bundle has
reachs starboard side of [screen/sail] hence the bundle is returned swiftly
to left division of [screen/sail] for bundle sweep hereinafter. During return
or time returns to electron bundle is extinguished so that not seen at
[screen/sail].
Block diagram will assist us in the case of comprehending how all division
from a system works joinly.
Bundle electron at [screen/sail] can be removed in two directions, that is in horizontal
or in vertical from [screen/sail]. This thing means that oscilloscope to have two areas
in her addressed to this impulses. They is named [by] circuit
divertor horizonrtal and divertor circuit vertical.
Impulse horizontal meet the eye time which had elapsed; and time in reality
this was time taken by bundle electron to run from left of [screen/sail]
towards [screen/sail] dextrorse. This [screen/sail] similar to as of graph paper slab which
presents a strain graph with time. Axis horizontal as according to
time which had been passed and axis vertical as according to stress amplitude.
Bundle electron can be implemented through [screen/sail] at assorted of speed which
spanned from about 1 mikrodetik until more than 1 this detikGerakan through
this [screen/sail] called as time bases sweep ( Timebase Sweep) and part of oscilloscope which
menduplai divertor circuit horizontal with this signal called as with
time base generator.
Block rangkain time bases interfaced to by divertor block horizontal Saklar
interfaced to time bases block to represent time bases controller switches at division
cowl panel from oscilloscope that is permiting to users to choose
speed bases of correct time bases that as according to their utility.
Impulse vertical chimes in with amplitude from strain yuang is being measured.
If light spot scar moved towards to the above of [screen/sail] hence its(the strain is positive and
if light scar moved towards to [screen/sail] lower part hence its(the strain negativity.
Ever greater of strain measured hence more and more light scar is removed.
If strain too big hence light scar will exceed [screen/sail] and not seen
by ocular. If this thing happened hence strain level must be changed internally
to point again light scar at [screen/sail] , this governing is function
from strain stretch switches at input from brace block vertical.
a cathode-ray tube and studies function from oscilloscope governors
most commonly and can apply it to present a scar
waving at [screen/sail].
You can expressed had successfully finalizes this module if you had spelt
all fill from this module is including theory training and practice of truly have also
follows evaluation in the form of test with score a minimum of is 70.
a. Purpose of study activity of 3
To graduate from this nit you must earn :
? Applies Digital And analogous Multimeter
? Explains fundamental construction and mode of action from a cathode-ray tube
? co-signature function of from every common governor at multiple scar oscilloscope.
? Arranges oscilloscope governors to present a scar
wave.
b. Breakdown Of Matter
To comprehend measuring instrument of oscilloscope, hence you beforehand ism should have
and skilled applies digital and analogous multimeter.
Multimeter in principle is a measuring instrument to be used for gauging
– gauging :
? Alternating current strain
? Direct current strain
? Resistance
? Electric Current DC and AC
For continuing studies oscilloscope, initial prerequisite of which you must fulfill
it is apply digital and analogous multimeter
After you can answer question - question following with correct answer
one hundred %, you are enabled to continues study about oscilloscope.
? Is difference of digital and analogous multimeter
? Explains way is using analogous multimeter
? Explains way is using digital multimeter
? Any kind of which you must pay attention to do
gauging of alternating current strain
? Explains way is doing gauging of dc strain
Is Oscilloscope Understanding?
An oscilloscope is an equipments of test applied to see a
electrical signal drawing. Simply oscilloscope can show forming of a
electrical signal and this electrical signal named with signal wave form.
Oscilloscope had a [screen/sail] similar to a television [screen/sail] and only far
smaller. The oscilloscope presents a line which light which
shows transformations of strain for located line time period
at [screen/sail]. Example of this appearance types seen in each hospital television
applied to show heartbeat activity.
Oscilloscope [screen/sail] has a grating lines horizontal and vertical indented
1 cm and this grid line permits to us to do read
strain and time. The lines is named [by] lines graticule.
Name of complete from oscilloscope is Osiloskop Sinar Katoda ( Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope) and abbreviations generally is CRO. The technicians often calls it
with word “ has seen wave form at CRO”. Cathode [light/ray] term
emerges from name of [screen/sail] complete so-called Cathode Ray Tube or CRT. So CRT
it is part of CRO. Television picture tube also is named CRT.
Measuring Instrument DC and AC as far as which has been studied can inform to us
amplitude scale from a strain however this measuring instrument cannot show
to us like is its form. Frequently amplitude scale is all which
we required however if more amount of information required hence device
the measure cannot provide it. a measuring instrument will not earn
shows to us strain a signal experiences defect or shows
to us that already happened existence of a modulation of brief strain.
For example a technician applies a CRO to see strain
audio is being strengthened and sees it at one particular the brace interior point
which already happened distortion ( wave defect). Other example is when technician
applies CRO utnuk to see a computer and gets brief modulation
from strain which has caused trouble, a modulation which haves no
detected by measuring instrument.
Cheap measuring instrument in price, easy to apply it and can be brought everywhere.
Every technician has it one or multiple. But is side that is oscilloscope
very expensive in price and generally big and heavy and operated with
mesh voltage. This oscilloscope can also difficult to apply it because having
many governors.
Though seen to be difficult to operate oscilloscope but all oscilloscope
applies principle - the same basis principle and has fundamental governors
the same. If you are telahf comprehends principle - this principle hence you earns
animates and applies any oscilloscope.
Fundamental Mode Of Action
Utility of oscilloscope is to present a wave form at [screen/sail]
and all from governor and depth circuit available to the utility.
Best way to comprehend an oscilloscope is comprehend what which
happened at [screen/sail].
[screen/sail] is a picture tube similar to the picture tube in
a plane tv, however in this case picture tube only present one
colour ( usually green).
CRT made from glass and atmosphere in it many thrown. a strain
interfaced to element of heater that is aflame by ruddling temperature and
heats cathode. The heater is source of red burning which
sometime seen when you sees vent hole at backside
a gogle-box. When cathode which close to the heater receives
hot hence the cathode is emission electron-elektron is leaving
equiamplitude surface of the cathode.
If electron-elektron have leaved cathode hence all electron
has is potential negativeness and pulled towards positive strains. CRT
has metal grid and plates having positive strain in each grating
and interesting plate and influences electron-elektron.
Acceleration grid draws electron-elektron and with force said that is hence
grids quickens it to pass through kisikisi acceleration and raced [by]
hereinafter go down to throat CRT.
Then kisi-kis i pemfokus forms electron-elektron which has been quickened
towards to point of focus electron so-called with bundle electron.
If bundle electron bump phospor will yield a point of acahaya
at [screen/sail].
This light would remain to blazed at [screen/sail] for an a flash in the pan period and
then in process of time becomes fade, this property named energy?power maintains
light from phospor. If this electron bundle defended to bump phospor
returns at the same point hence will emerge impressing continuous point
aglow because of continuously is renewed or refreshed.
Still there is again other grating so-called a real near by controller grating
with cathode. This grating has negative strain and tries to refuse
negative electron-elektron. If negativity strain enough big hence s(he would
stops bundle electron and there is no light which would seen at [screen/sail]. At
lower negativity strain hence this strain will control brightness
from point at [screen/sail].
Divertor plates controls kemana baerkas electron box
[screen/sail]. Two plate tides is required funtuk to control the bundle, yuaitu plate
divertor horizontal and divertor plate vertical. Divertor plate horizontal can
removes bundle and light spot that is yielding beam in
horizontal to [screen/sail] while plates vertical can remove bundle and
point of light to the above and downwards [screen/sail].
Divertor plate vertical having upper bagianf a positive strain and division plate
under having a negativity strain. Thereby bundle electron pulled to
direction of positive strain and refused by negative strain causing bundle electron and
the light spot is moved to [screen/sail] top. By inverting strain
at divertor plates vertical hence maemindahkan the point will towards to
[screen/sail] lower part.
Positive strain at divertor plate horizontal right side interesting binded electron
and point of cahay a towards towards left of [screen/sail].. Left divertor plate has strain
negativity refusing bundle electron to avoid [screen/sail] side left side.
By changing is big and polarity from strains interfaced to
divertor plate horizontal and vertical hence bundle electron can be carried over
overall of [screen/sail]. The light spot impulse is removed to orbit which
same then [screen/sail] will present a light line which permanent.
electron bundle usually peripatetic from left of dextrorse and yields a
line through [screen/sail] so-called sweep ( sweep). When the bundle has
reachs starboard side of [screen/sail] hence the bundle is returned swiftly
to left division of [screen/sail] for bundle sweep hereinafter. During return
or time returns to electron bundle is extinguished so that not seen at
[screen/sail].
Block diagram will assist us in the case of comprehending how all division
from a system works joinly.
Bundle electron at [screen/sail] can be removed in two directions, that is in horizontal
or in vertical from [screen/sail]. This thing means that oscilloscope to have two areas
in her addressed to this impulses. They is named [by] circuit
divertor horizonrtal and divertor circuit vertical.
Impulse horizontal meet the eye time which had elapsed; and time in reality
this was time taken by bundle electron to run from left of [screen/sail]
towards [screen/sail] dextrorse. This [screen/sail] similar to as of graph paper slab which
presents a strain graph with time. Axis horizontal as according to
time which had been passed and axis vertical as according to stress amplitude.
Bundle electron can be implemented through [screen/sail] at assorted of speed which
spanned from about 1 mikrodetik until more than 1 this detikGerakan through
this [screen/sail] called as time bases sweep ( Timebase Sweep) and part of oscilloscope which
menduplai divertor circuit horizontal with this signal called as with
time base generator.
Block rangkain time bases interfaced to by divertor block horizontal Saklar
interfaced to time bases block to represent time bases controller switches at division
cowl panel from oscilloscope that is permiting to users to choose
speed bases of correct time bases that as according to their utility.
Impulse vertical chimes in with amplitude from strain yuang is being measured.
If light spot scar moved towards to the above of [screen/sail] hence its(the strain is positive and
if light scar moved towards to [screen/sail] lower part hence its(the strain negativity.
Ever greater of strain measured hence more and more light scar is removed.
If strain too big hence light scar will exceed [screen/sail] and not seen
by ocular. If this thing happened hence strain level must be changed internally
to point again light scar at [screen/sail] , this governing is function
from strain stretch switches at input from brace block vertical.
ELECTRICITY SYMBOLS / ELECTRONICS, OHMS LAW and LAW KIRCHOFF
Activity of this learning aim to give knowledge allowance and skill to
participant diklat about symbols kelistrikan/elektronika and ohms law and
law kirchoff. You can expressed had successfully finalizes this module if you
has spelt all fill from this module is including theory training and practice of with
correctness have also followed evaluation in the form of test with score a minimum of is 70.
a. Purpose of study activity of 2
After studying this matter student earns :
1. Depicts electricity component symbols / electronics
2. Explains current understanding, strain and resistance and Ohm's law
3. Mentions electrical circuit types
4. Menyeb utkan law sound Kirchoff
b. Breakdown Of Matter
b1 Simbol – electricity component symbol / electronics
1. Diode
Diode is an electronic component which can flow current
only at one way only. Diode Symbol is as in under this, in
such flowable electric current only at direction bowed like
at symbol following.
Cord
2. Zener diode
Zener diode is one of form of diode designed is special where
current back of can happened at strain which has exceeded tagangan which
have been determined without destroying diode.
Material for zener diode mixed with phosphor and boron which more
many so that free electrons and hole at this material would be more
what enables electric current ( at direction of overturn ) flows without
destroys zener diode at circuit designed correctly.
Drawing following is zener diode symbol.
3. Transistor.
Transistor is a device applied at electronic circuit
to control electric current jetting. Transistor base material is
equal to diode base material that is silicon or germanium which
dic ampur with boron material or phosphor, so that is formed material
type “ P” and type “ Nitrogen”.
Transistor symbol used occasionally is as in under. Line
what has arrow is Emitor, Thick line is Basis, and line
without arrow is Kolektor.
5. Condenser.
Condenser is a device consisted of two conductors that is is each other
tersek at. The conductor made from thin metal slab which
dissociated by insulation.
Principal from condenser is that condenser menyimpan
electrical cargos ( electricity). Performance menyimpan to how much/many
many this cargoes called as condenser capacities.
9. Switches
Switches is wrong of a real important component in a
angkaian electricity. Functioning switches as break or linkage
current from source of strain at closed circuit. Because so
the importance of sakalar for a circuit, hence the switches must
placed on course strategic which is easy is reached. With
that way at the time of switches required or equally when us
meng-ON will or meng-OFF a circuit or engine, earns
done swiftly.
10. r e levator skapula an i
Relay is a magnet switches. Its(the excellence to switch
ordinary mechanic is that usable relay safely for
pilots ( meng-on-off-kan) equipments and engine in the distance. Relay
is working with small strain can key up engine which
requires big current to invite it ( men-start); also usable
to key up from long distance to different equipments in
dangerous place.
Basically relay consisted of an electromagnet with slack iron core.
If coil is flown [by] current, hence soft iron becomes magnet and draws
resilient tongue. This tongue is one of switches contact. This switches
in a state of closing. If current is killed, magnetism at soft iron
leading, and tongue is discharged, so that switches opens.
participant diklat about symbols kelistrikan/elektronika and ohms law and
law kirchoff. You can expressed had successfully finalizes this module if you
has spelt all fill from this module is including theory training and practice of with
correctness have also followed evaluation in the form of test with score a minimum of is 70.
a. Purpose of study activity of 2
After studying this matter student earns :
1. Depicts electricity component symbols / electronics
2. Explains current understanding, strain and resistance and Ohm's law
3. Mentions electrical circuit types
4. Menyeb utkan law sound Kirchoff
b. Breakdown Of Matter
b1 Simbol – electricity component symbol / electronics
1. Diode
Diode is an electronic component which can flow current
only at one way only. Diode Symbol is as in under this, in
such flowable electric current only at direction bowed like
at symbol following.
Cord
2. Zener diode
Zener diode is one of form of diode designed is special where
current back of can happened at strain which has exceeded tagangan which
have been determined without destroying diode.
Material for zener diode mixed with phosphor and boron which more
many so that free electrons and hole at this material would be more
what enables electric current ( at direction of overturn ) flows without
destroys zener diode at circuit designed correctly.
Drawing following is zener diode symbol.
3. Transistor.
Transistor is a device applied at electronic circuit
to control electric current jetting. Transistor base material is
equal to diode base material that is silicon or germanium which
dic ampur with boron material or phosphor, so that is formed material
type “ P” and type “ Nitrogen”.
Transistor symbol used occasionally is as in under. Line
what has arrow is Emitor, Thick line is Basis, and line
without arrow is Kolektor.
5. Condenser.
Condenser is a device consisted of two conductors that is is each other
tersek at. The conductor made from thin metal slab which
dissociated by insulation.
Principal from condenser is that condenser menyimpan
electrical cargos ( electricity). Performance menyimpan to how much/many
many this cargoes called as condenser capacities.
9. Switches
Switches is wrong of a real important component in a
angkaian electricity. Functioning switches as break or linkage
current from source of strain at closed circuit. Because so
the importance of sakalar for a circuit, hence the switches must
placed on course strategic which is easy is reached. With
that way at the time of switches required or equally when us
meng-ON will or meng-OFF a circuit or engine, earns
done swiftly.
10. r e levator skapula an i
Relay is a magnet switches. Its(the excellence to switch
ordinary mechanic is that usable relay safely for
pilots ( meng-on-off-kan) equipments and engine in the distance. Relay
is working with small strain can key up engine which
requires big current to invite it ( men-start); also usable
to key up from long distance to different equipments in
dangerous place.
Basically relay consisted of an electromagnet with slack iron core.
If coil is flown [by] current, hence soft iron becomes magnet and draws
resilient tongue. This tongue is one of switches contact. This switches
in a state of closing. If current is killed, magnetism at soft iron
leading, and tongue is discharged, so that switches opens.
ELECTRICITY BASISS AND MAGNET
Activity of this learning aim to give knowledge allowance and skill to
participant diklat about electricity basiss and magnet that is often applied at
electronics circuit. . You can expressed has successfully finalizes this module
if you had spelt all fill from this module is including theory training and
practice of truly have also followed evaluation in the form of test with minimum score
it is 70.
a. Purpose Of Study Activity of 1
After studying this matter student earns :
1. Explains electrical understanding
2. Mentions conductor material
3. Mentions insulator material
4. Mentions type, form and magnet property
5. Explains electromagnet, as of ldf induction and mutual induction
b. Breakdown of matter 1
A. Electricity
Electricity is electrons flow from atom to atom at a conductor.
To comprehend and understands about electricity, let us sama-sam looks at
smallest division from substance that is atom. All atoms has particle which
called as electron to lay in its(the orbit encircling proton.
Simplest atom is atom Hydrogen ( Water Atom), that is only
has one electrons encircling one protons.
Atom that is most complicated is uranium atom. This atom has 92 electrons
around proton core. All substances ( element) has separate atomic structure.
Every element has number of the same electrons and proton.
Drawing 12
Uranium Atom
Copper has 29 protons, its(the electrons spread over at 4 orbit battery,
which most external only one electrons. This is secret from electricity conductor which
good. Every substance having atomic structure less than 4 orbit that is most external
or measures up to energy?power to pass good.
If(when substance having atomic structure more than 4 electron at orbit line which
most external in mentioning packer ( non conductor).
Substance having a few electrons at most external orbit line, its(the electron
easier to make a move from its(the orbit by low strain. This thing would
causes the happening of electron flow from atom to atom.
Like we have studied that atom has proton and electron, masingmasing
particle has potential force ( potential of force). Proton charges
positive, while electron haves negative charge. Proton at atomic nucleus draws
electron and arrest;detains electron at orbit line during positive charge from proton
equal to negative charge from electron or has neutral electricity.
When happened neutral cargo of circulating electron marked with lines orbit to earn with
easy to make a move if electrons pulled is far by other atom, the atom
becomes haves positif charge and go away it electron pulled by atom which
the other results the atom haves negative charge. Loading atom
negativity (-) has number of abundant electrons, while atom which
haves positif charge (+) number of its(the electrons a few or lacking of electrons.
Showing above drawing is displacement of electron based on experiment if(when
a gum joint ( rubber rod ) rubbed with drugget, electrons would
makes a move and gathers at gum joint. Thereby its(the condition drugget
becomes lacking of electron , while gum has electron excess
becomes haves negative charge.
Hereinafter gum joint touch to sphere will cause the happening of
displacement of excess of electron to sphere, in this case sphere has cargo
the same with gum joint.
If gum joint we drew near again to sphere hence sphere will make a move
avoids gum joint as seen at drawing. Equally cargo which
namesake will refuse refuses. On trial the both loading
negativity, if both haves positif charge there will be similar thing.
U Sulfur
Drawing 1. 5
This free electron oscillates at random in space in interposing atoms.
This electrons impulse named diffusion ( diffusion ).
Example of conductor : iron, copper, aluminum, silver, and other metal.
2. Semi of Conductor ( semi conductor).
Semi of conductor is a material improper is conceived of
conductor, nor it is good to is conceived of non conductor ( Insulator).
Example: Germanium.
In this material there's only one or two atom losing electron from
one hundred million ( 108 ) atom.
3. Insulator ( non conductor)
Insulator is material which cannot send electric current.
Example: gum, plastics, paper, timber, mica ., and his(its conspecific.
At insulator of all electrons tied at its(the atom and there is no electron which
free. Material type like this classified as packer or not
conductor ( Insulator).
C. Magnet
C1 Magnet Understanding.
Simply magnet can be interpreted as substance ( iron) what has
atomic nucleus. The atom has a number of electrons the always peripatetic
orbits atomic nucleus ( proton and neutron ). Lodestone has 2 ( two)
pole ( nose), that is north pole and antartic. At poles that is
focused magnetic force, that is attractive force and repulsive force.
Theory about magnet is not quit of explanation of about electricity. Even
magnetism is phenomenon yielded by behavior of electricity. Every
atom there is electrons that is the always peripatetic encircles core ( proton
and neutron). This electron impulse yields magnet forces. Force
magnet is in the form of circle is closed [by] outside electron at the time of peripatetic electron.
This thing is provable at experiment following about existence of magnet around
conductor flown by electric current.
Based on above theory, arising line of force around [by] magnet rasher
actually is gathering / accumulation of force lines which
yielded by electron impulse orbiting its(the core. While at metal
which is not magnet, its(the electron orbit is not regular so that line of force
yielded every electron is each other remove. Thereby force in
around magnet doesn't emerge.
C. 2 Magnet Types
Magnet can be classified to 2 ( two) type.
a. Permanent magnet ( permanent).
Permanent magnet is magnet obtained from within nature ( mining
). This magnet in the form of iron type so-called Lodstone. Magnet atom property
permanent unlike current assetiva magnet atom property. At material magnat,
electron orbit at atom which one and other formed formation
parallel and always remain. While at material which is not magnet,
direction of electron orbit in each not regular atom.
b. Current assetiva magnet ( remanen or artificial).
Erratic magnet consisted of 2 ( two) kinds, that is :
1) Magnet result of induction.
Magnet result of this induction made of iron or steel. To make it
becomes magnet, required magnetic field influence from outside his(its.
Magnetic field will influence orbital direction of electron becomes is regular
uniform at one way only. Result of his(its is the iron will become
magnet. Process of this magnet called as induction. While
magnet which is called as magnet result of induction.
Magnet result of tentative induction. Why that way ? Because
if magnetic field made in vinicity is eliminated, hence line
electron will return not regular keposisi. Equally
its(the magnetism becomes losing.
2) Magnet result of electrical treatment.
This magnet made of mild steel ( low carbon steel ). This steel selected
because its(the magnetism property mild steel property is relative easy to be eliminated.
Omission of this magnet property of course is needed to deconvolution
all equipmentses of magnet result of electrical treatment because often pole - its(the pole of magnet must fluctuate at a speed of certain.
To form this magnet, required elektro-magnet ( would
explained hereinafter) as component of source of magnetic field.
1. Magnet Propertys.
Magnet property is drawing is interesting if drawn near [by] two magnet which
not of a kind. And will refuse refuses if drawn near [by] two magnet
conspecific.
Nature of differ from magnet is magnet line of force will flow from pole
south to north pole through magnetic field.
Magnetic Field and magnetic force handcuffs of vital importance. With existence of
dislocation stress field and magnet line of force causes magnet hardly is of benefit to
human life, especially in supporting technology exploiting,
like at area Otomotif.
Magnetic field can yield electric current at conductor cord if
proportioned peripatetic medanmagnet with the conductor cord. Besides
that, aruslistrikyang yielded by magnetic field flowing at a
conductor earns also functioning for accumulator filling at carriage ( charge).
Fundamental key to facilitate us in usage of magnet that is :
Ensured that magnet line of force to flow from antartic to pole
north
Exit magnet line of force from reenter north pole through pole
south.
This thing is visible at drawing 17 above.
4. Pole of magnet.
Magnet has dipole that is north pole and antartic. Determination
magnet dipole hardly assists us in magnet usage. For
can know direction of line of force in magnetic field, beforehand must
known its(the pole. Given the north pole and magnet antartic
hence we can ascertain direction of magnet line of force.
Therefore pole of magnet can assist us in magnet usage,
especially to know direction of magnet line of force.
D. Induction
1. Electromagnet
Coil flown by electric current to turn into magnet called as
Electromagnet.
Talks about magnet tid quit of ak of discussion about electricity.
Statement
the has been proved on trial.
For example ; if(when a compass is put down close to a conductor which
is being flown aruslistrik, hence the compass will make a move on course
certain like showed at drawing following.
Peripatetic compass because influenced by magnetic field. This means that
compass impulse like at above experiment is as result of existence of dislocation stress field
magnet yielded by electron impulse at conductor cord.
There is 3 ( three) way which can be done to strengthen magnetic field at
electromagnet :
a. Makes iron core at coil.
This way done by way of putting down iron rasher in
coil flown by electricity. The iron will become erratic magnet
( artificial or remanen). Because iron core becomes magnet, hence the iron core
will yield magnetic field.
Other the side of coil also will yield magnetic field at direction
the same at iron core.
This thing will cause the happening of amplification of magnetic field. Amplification
magnetic field obtained from quantifying of magnetic field yielded
by iron with magnetic field yielded by coil.
b. Adds number of coils.
Every - every electromagnet coil yields magnetic field. With
addition of number of coils has of course will strengthen magnetic field
as a whole. Strong of electromagnet dislocation stress field is number of from
magnetic field yielded by each coil.
c. Enlarges current flowing at coil.
Level of current flown at coil to compare straight with
level of magnetic field. Every electron flowing at conductor
yields magnetic field. Thereby total dislocation stress field depended
from the many electrons flowing every second or total field intensity
determined by level of current flowing at coil.
2. Electric induction
a. Induction x'self ( As of ldf induction ).
Induction x'self is voltage appearance at one particular coil
at the time of the happening of transformation of direction arusApabila a conductor cord
proportioned with magnetic field, hence there will be strain at cord
the. This phenomenon difficult to be explained but have been received as
a real important natural law. Especially to explain kejadiankejadian
at one particular cord flown by electricity. If strong of its(the current changes
hence dislocation stress field yielded swell will or minimizes cuts
itself cord causing arises electromotive force at the cord.
Case of like this called as induction x'self.
b. Induction mutual ( Mutual induction ).
If electric current flown at one of cord hence will arise
magnetic field in each penampang cord. The magnetic field would
swell although only during a real shortened and
cuts second conductor cord. At the time of this is arising kinetik force
electricity at second conductor so-called induction mutual.
participant diklat about electricity basiss and magnet that is often applied at
electronics circuit. . You can expressed has successfully finalizes this module
if you had spelt all fill from this module is including theory training and
practice of truly have also followed evaluation in the form of test with minimum score
it is 70.
a. Purpose Of Study Activity of 1
After studying this matter student earns :
1. Explains electrical understanding
2. Mentions conductor material
3. Mentions insulator material
4. Mentions type, form and magnet property
5. Explains electromagnet, as of ldf induction and mutual induction
b. Breakdown of matter 1
A. Electricity
Electricity is electrons flow from atom to atom at a conductor.
To comprehend and understands about electricity, let us sama-sam looks at
smallest division from substance that is atom. All atoms has particle which
called as electron to lay in its(the orbit encircling proton.
Simplest atom is atom Hydrogen ( Water Atom), that is only
has one electrons encircling one protons.
Atom that is most complicated is uranium atom. This atom has 92 electrons
around proton core. All substances ( element) has separate atomic structure.
Every element has number of the same electrons and proton.
Drawing 12
Uranium Atom
Copper has 29 protons, its(the electrons spread over at 4 orbit battery,
which most external only one electrons. This is secret from electricity conductor which
good. Every substance having atomic structure less than 4 orbit that is most external
or measures up to energy?power to pass good.
If(when substance having atomic structure more than 4 electron at orbit line which
most external in mentioning packer ( non conductor).
Substance having a few electrons at most external orbit line, its(the electron
easier to make a move from its(the orbit by low strain. This thing would
causes the happening of electron flow from atom to atom.
Like we have studied that atom has proton and electron, masingmasing
particle has potential force ( potential of force). Proton charges
positive, while electron haves negative charge. Proton at atomic nucleus draws
electron and arrest;detains electron at orbit line during positive charge from proton
equal to negative charge from electron or has neutral electricity.
When happened neutral cargo of circulating electron marked with lines orbit to earn with
easy to make a move if electrons pulled is far by other atom, the atom
becomes haves positif charge and go away it electron pulled by atom which
the other results the atom haves negative charge. Loading atom
negativity (-) has number of abundant electrons, while atom which
haves positif charge (+) number of its(the electrons a few or lacking of electrons.
Showing above drawing is displacement of electron based on experiment if(when
a gum joint ( rubber rod ) rubbed with drugget, electrons would
makes a move and gathers at gum joint. Thereby its(the condition drugget
becomes lacking of electron , while gum has electron excess
becomes haves negative charge.
Hereinafter gum joint touch to sphere will cause the happening of
displacement of excess of electron to sphere, in this case sphere has cargo
the same with gum joint.
If gum joint we drew near again to sphere hence sphere will make a move
avoids gum joint as seen at drawing. Equally cargo which
namesake will refuse refuses. On trial the both loading
negativity, if both haves positif charge there will be similar thing.
U Sulfur
Drawing 1. 5
This free electron oscillates at random in space in interposing atoms.
This electrons impulse named diffusion ( diffusion ).
Example of conductor : iron, copper, aluminum, silver, and other metal.
2. Semi of Conductor ( semi conductor).
Semi of conductor is a material improper is conceived of
conductor, nor it is good to is conceived of non conductor ( Insulator).
Example: Germanium.
In this material there's only one or two atom losing electron from
one hundred million ( 108 ) atom.
3. Insulator ( non conductor)
Insulator is material which cannot send electric current.
Example: gum, plastics, paper, timber, mica ., and his(its conspecific.
At insulator of all electrons tied at its(the atom and there is no electron which
free. Material type like this classified as packer or not
conductor ( Insulator).
C. Magnet
C1 Magnet Understanding.
Simply magnet can be interpreted as substance ( iron) what has
atomic nucleus. The atom has a number of electrons the always peripatetic
orbits atomic nucleus ( proton and neutron ). Lodestone has 2 ( two)
pole ( nose), that is north pole and antartic. At poles that is
focused magnetic force, that is attractive force and repulsive force.
Theory about magnet is not quit of explanation of about electricity. Even
magnetism is phenomenon yielded by behavior of electricity. Every
atom there is electrons that is the always peripatetic encircles core ( proton
and neutron). This electron impulse yields magnet forces. Force
magnet is in the form of circle is closed [by] outside electron at the time of peripatetic electron.
This thing is provable at experiment following about existence of magnet around
conductor flown by electric current.
Based on above theory, arising line of force around [by] magnet rasher
actually is gathering / accumulation of force lines which
yielded by electron impulse orbiting its(the core. While at metal
which is not magnet, its(the electron orbit is not regular so that line of force
yielded every electron is each other remove. Thereby force in
around magnet doesn't emerge.
C. 2 Magnet Types
Magnet can be classified to 2 ( two) type.
a. Permanent magnet ( permanent).
Permanent magnet is magnet obtained from within nature ( mining
). This magnet in the form of iron type so-called Lodstone. Magnet atom property
permanent unlike current assetiva magnet atom property. At material magnat,
electron orbit at atom which one and other formed formation
parallel and always remain. While at material which is not magnet,
direction of electron orbit in each not regular atom.
b. Current assetiva magnet ( remanen or artificial).
Erratic magnet consisted of 2 ( two) kinds, that is :
1) Magnet result of induction.
Magnet result of this induction made of iron or steel. To make it
becomes magnet, required magnetic field influence from outside his(its.
Magnetic field will influence orbital direction of electron becomes is regular
uniform at one way only. Result of his(its is the iron will become
magnet. Process of this magnet called as induction. While
magnet which is called as magnet result of induction.
Magnet result of tentative induction. Why that way ? Because
if magnetic field made in vinicity is eliminated, hence line
electron will return not regular keposisi. Equally
its(the magnetism becomes losing.
2) Magnet result of electrical treatment.
This magnet made of mild steel ( low carbon steel ). This steel selected
because its(the magnetism property mild steel property is relative easy to be eliminated.
Omission of this magnet property of course is needed to deconvolution
all equipmentses of magnet result of electrical treatment because often pole - its(the pole of magnet must fluctuate at a speed of certain.
To form this magnet, required elektro-magnet ( would
explained hereinafter) as component of source of magnetic field.
1. Magnet Propertys.
Magnet property is drawing is interesting if drawn near [by] two magnet which
not of a kind. And will refuse refuses if drawn near [by] two magnet
conspecific.
Nature of differ from magnet is magnet line of force will flow from pole
south to north pole through magnetic field.
Magnetic Field and magnetic force handcuffs of vital importance. With existence of
dislocation stress field and magnet line of force causes magnet hardly is of benefit to
human life, especially in supporting technology exploiting,
like at area Otomotif.
Magnetic field can yield electric current at conductor cord if
proportioned peripatetic medanmagnet with the conductor cord. Besides
that, aruslistrikyang yielded by magnetic field flowing at a
conductor earns also functioning for accumulator filling at carriage ( charge).
Fundamental key to facilitate us in usage of magnet that is :
Ensured that magnet line of force to flow from antartic to pole
north
Exit magnet line of force from reenter north pole through pole
south.
This thing is visible at drawing 17 above.
4. Pole of magnet.
Magnet has dipole that is north pole and antartic. Determination
magnet dipole hardly assists us in magnet usage. For
can know direction of line of force in magnetic field, beforehand must
known its(the pole. Given the north pole and magnet antartic
hence we can ascertain direction of magnet line of force.
Therefore pole of magnet can assist us in magnet usage,
especially to know direction of magnet line of force.
D. Induction
1. Electromagnet
Coil flown by electric current to turn into magnet called as
Electromagnet.
Talks about magnet tid quit of ak of discussion about electricity.
Statement
the has been proved on trial.
For example ; if(when a compass is put down close to a conductor which
is being flown aruslistrik, hence the compass will make a move on course
certain like showed at drawing following.
Peripatetic compass because influenced by magnetic field. This means that
compass impulse like at above experiment is as result of existence of dislocation stress field
magnet yielded by electron impulse at conductor cord.
There is 3 ( three) way which can be done to strengthen magnetic field at
electromagnet :
a. Makes iron core at coil.
This way done by way of putting down iron rasher in
coil flown by electricity. The iron will become erratic magnet
( artificial or remanen). Because iron core becomes magnet, hence the iron core
will yield magnetic field.
Other the side of coil also will yield magnetic field at direction
the same at iron core.
This thing will cause the happening of amplification of magnetic field. Amplification
magnetic field obtained from quantifying of magnetic field yielded
by iron with magnetic field yielded by coil.
b. Adds number of coils.
Every - every electromagnet coil yields magnetic field. With
addition of number of coils has of course will strengthen magnetic field
as a whole. Strong of electromagnet dislocation stress field is number of from
magnetic field yielded by each coil.
c. Enlarges current flowing at coil.
Level of current flown at coil to compare straight with
level of magnetic field. Every electron flowing at conductor
yields magnetic field. Thereby total dislocation stress field depended
from the many electrons flowing every second or total field intensity
determined by level of current flowing at coil.
2. Electric induction
a. Induction x'self ( As of ldf induction ).
Induction x'self is voltage appearance at one particular coil
at the time of the happening of transformation of direction arusApabila a conductor cord
proportioned with magnetic field, hence there will be strain at cord
the. This phenomenon difficult to be explained but have been received as
a real important natural law. Especially to explain kejadiankejadian
at one particular cord flown by electricity. If strong of its(the current changes
hence dislocation stress field yielded swell will or minimizes cuts
itself cord causing arises electromotive force at the cord.
Case of like this called as induction x'self.
b. Induction mutual ( Mutual induction ).
If electric current flown at one of cord hence will arise
magnetic field in each penampang cord. The magnetic field would
swell although only during a real shortened and
cuts second conductor cord. At the time of this is arising kinetik force
electricity at second conductor so-called induction mutual.
6/18/09
Multimedia Software
1. Multimedia Software
Multimedia software is components in data processing system, in the form of
programs to control working it multimedia computer system. This software
classified to become three parts that is multimedia programming language, system software
multimedia and software the application of multimedia.
Multimedia Programming Language
Multimedia Programming Language is languages applied by programmer for
makes the application of multimedia. Its(the example Assembly, C, C++, Power Builder, Delphi, SQL, Visual of Basic,
and Java.
System Software ( System Software)
This software consisted of Operating system ( Operating System) for example DOS ( Disc Operating
System), Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT/2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, UNIX, LINUX or Mac
OS. Other software is the application of utility ( utility application) for example the application of Antivirus.
Software The Application Of Multimedia
Software the application of multimedia is applications made by by personal or
organization for user operating in specific multimedia areas like graphic 2D,
modelling and animation.
Text Processor Peripheral
The application of text processor which many applied for example Microsoft Word, Word Star for Windows,
Word Perfect and Star Writer, while some the application of text processors having the character of open source
for example Open Writer, KWRITER and Abi Word.
Animation Processor Software and Graphic 2D
The application of graphic processor 2D is divided to to become two parts that is:
a. Graphic 2D Vector, for example Corel Draw, Macromedia Freehand and Adobe Illustrator.
b. Graphic 2D Image ( Raster), for example Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Gimp.
c. Animation, for example Macromedia Flash.
Animation Processor Software and Graphic Modelling 3D
Example of from software Animasi and modelling Grafik 3D is 3D Studio MAX, MAYA,
Softimage, LightWave, Blender and others.
Software Authoring Multimedia
Authoring is the application of computer giving opportunity to user for
develops a software with dragging and dropping various multimedia objects
without having to knows usage and programming language understanding, for example Macromedia
Authoring, while the application of authoring equiped with by programming for example Macromedia
Director by equiped [by] Lingo ( Programming language).
This peripheral type divided to become three categories that is authoring bases on page, authoring bases on
icon and authoring based on time.
Authoring bases on page is authoring is working bases on page or book with
organization of elements in the page or book. Example of from the application of this is
HyperCard and ToolBook Assistant.
Authoring bases on icon to apply concept flowchart to make elements stream
multimedia connected together or x'selfly peculiarly presents
activity flow diagram along the length of ramification line, its(the example is Microsoft Power Point and
Macromedia Authorware.
2
Authoring based on time was expansion of multimedia package as organization
object along the length of time line. Frame which is organizational in massage then is presented again
to user. Example of application using this way is Macromedia Director.
Authoring DVD is application applied to present menu interaktif movie, its(the example
it is Pinnacle Impression, Sonic ReelDVD and Ulead DVD Workshop.
Application Software Bases On Web
Example of design products web for example is Macromedia Flash applied for
makes graphical animation at web, Macromedia Dreamweaver and Microsoft Front Page.
The Application Of Multimedia for excellence competes in company
The application of company multimedia in various areas for example human resource,
produksi/operasi, accountancy and finance, information systems and marketing.
Application at Exploitation Area of Human resource
Multimedia is interesting and good training media recognized as term Computer
Based Training ( CBT). For example business IntallShield makes multimedia software which
majors for training. The application of other for example rekrutmen employee, like the one is done [by]
by L'OREAL.
Application in Bidangn Production
Multimedia software is components in data processing system, in the form of
programs to control working it multimedia computer system. This software
classified to become three parts that is multimedia programming language, system software
multimedia and software the application of multimedia.
Multimedia Programming Language
Multimedia Programming Language is languages applied by programmer for
makes the application of multimedia. Its(the example Assembly, C, C++, Power Builder, Delphi, SQL, Visual of Basic,
and Java.
System Software ( System Software)
This software consisted of Operating system ( Operating System) for example DOS ( Disc Operating
System), Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT/2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, UNIX, LINUX or Mac
OS. Other software is the application of utility ( utility application) for example the application of Antivirus.
Software The Application Of Multimedia
Software the application of multimedia is applications made by by personal or
organization for user operating in specific multimedia areas like graphic 2D,
modelling and animation.
Text Processor Peripheral
The application of text processor which many applied for example Microsoft Word, Word Star for Windows,
Word Perfect and Star Writer, while some the application of text processors having the character of open source
for example Open Writer, KWRITER and Abi Word.
Animation Processor Software and Graphic 2D
The application of graphic processor 2D is divided to to become two parts that is:
a. Graphic 2D Vector, for example Corel Draw, Macromedia Freehand and Adobe Illustrator.
b. Graphic 2D Image ( Raster), for example Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Gimp.
c. Animation, for example Macromedia Flash.
Animation Processor Software and Graphic Modelling 3D
Example of from software Animasi and modelling Grafik 3D is 3D Studio MAX, MAYA,
Softimage, LightWave, Blender and others.
Software Authoring Multimedia
Authoring is the application of computer giving opportunity to user for
develops a software with dragging and dropping various multimedia objects
without having to knows usage and programming language understanding, for example Macromedia
Authoring, while the application of authoring equiped with by programming for example Macromedia
Director by equiped [by] Lingo ( Programming language).
This peripheral type divided to become three categories that is authoring bases on page, authoring bases on
icon and authoring based on time.
Authoring bases on page is authoring is working bases on page or book with
organization of elements in the page or book. Example of from the application of this is
HyperCard and ToolBook Assistant.
Authoring bases on icon to apply concept flowchart to make elements stream
multimedia connected together or x'selfly peculiarly presents
activity flow diagram along the length of ramification line, its(the example is Microsoft Power Point and
Macromedia Authorware.
2
Authoring based on time was expansion of multimedia package as organization
object along the length of time line. Frame which is organizational in massage then is presented again
to user. Example of application using this way is Macromedia Director.
Authoring DVD is application applied to present menu interaktif movie, its(the example
it is Pinnacle Impression, Sonic ReelDVD and Ulead DVD Workshop.
Application Software Bases On Web
Example of design products web for example is Macromedia Flash applied for
makes graphical animation at web, Macromedia Dreamweaver and Microsoft Front Page.
The Application Of Multimedia for excellence competes in company
The application of company multimedia in various areas for example human resource,
produksi/operasi, accountancy and finance, information systems and marketing.
Application at Exploitation Area of Human resource
Multimedia is interesting and good training media recognized as term Computer
Based Training ( CBT). For example business IntallShield makes multimedia software which
majors for training. The application of other for example rekrutmen employee, like the one is done [by]
by L'OREAL.
Application in Bidangn Production
6/16/09
Information network backbone and communications in Indonesia
Information network backbone and communications in Indonesia practically requires infrastructure backbone which is reliable, cheap and can be built according to requirement of support from ICT would for prosperity ( e-prosperity). E-inclusion involving outlying public to access Internet must be supported by election of correct technology. Wi-Fi is one of its(the choice. At this handing out will be studied about Wi-Fi, its(the comparison is with a few other information access technology, problem faced is including network security and interference, things which can be done to increase utility Wi-Fi, audit to exploiting of Wi-Fi which there have, and possibility that its(the development is in Indonesia especially as supporting facilities for infrastuktur information, communications and education in Indonesia.
1. WIRELESS FIDELITY ( Wi-Fi)
Wireless LAN gives level of flexibility and portability that is much higher is compared to ordinary LAN. WLAN mengkoneksikan other computer and component having wireless adapter into network through Access Point ( AP). Configuration WLAN in general is differentiated to become 2 kinds, that is infrastructure and ad hoc. At infrastructure type, AP incircuit direct to cable network. While at quad type hoc, AP incircuit to other AP passed mechanism of quad hoc. AP usually has coverage area to 100 metre, usual called as cell or range.
Wireless Fidelity ( Wi-Fi) be name given by Wi-Fi Alliance description of product wireless local area network to ( WLAN) which based on standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE) 80211. Kinds of variants 80211 has been released by visible IEEE at Tabel 1. Type that is most popular is applied in Indonesia and world is standard 80211b ( indoor) and 80211g ( outdoor). Both having compatibility from the angle of equipments user, so that user 80211b earns easily move to network 80211g when beyond room.
2. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY
Technology wireless long distance, hardly potency to be applied at area pedesaan/pedalaman. Main characteristic from this type technology is expense of its(the low development, amenity pambangunan, and its(the ability to reach wide geographical region. As access technology expected in the future, Wi-Fi must can give excellence signifikan compared to technology which there have now.
21. Comparison with WiMAX
Compared To Wi-Fi, WiMAX-yang has been diujicobakan in FTUI Februari 2006-adalah a real expensive technology in development initially. From the angle of its(the equipment industry, WiMAX also have been far lag compared to Wi-Fi. WiMAX designed to have standard which more pre-eminent and more completely is compared to Wi-Fi[2]. But, whereas WiMAX still in standardization level, equipments Wi-Fi has disseminated wide among world public, so that the price also downwards drastically. Now have been many companies, trying to university and hacker digs ability of deeper Wi-Fi again. And is not impossible thing if ability and popularity Wi-Fi would continuously increase during which will come. WiMAX possibly will very compatible applied for rural areas which its(the polpulation is low and distance between its(the populations is also far, while Wi-Fi would continuously grow and applicable to various network types like LAN, Neighbourhood Area Network ( NAN) and MAN [ 2].
22. Comparison with 3G
Compared to 3G, giving more Wi-Fi is opportunity compared to 3G because its(the cheap cost. 3G from initially just had required a real big cost for frequency spectrum license problem, while Wi-Fi using not to release cost at all for the thing. Peripheral 3G at side user which is the existing has started circulates also the price expensive, while communication means having adapter WiFi built indium have been many circulating and the price also increasingly downwards. From the angle of speed of its(the access, 3G promises will give speed of data until 2 Mbps, practically have never reached the speed one hundred %, because having to shares with other user [ 3]. usual maximum Throughput is given is around 100 Kbps.
3. FITUR SECURITY AND SAFETY Wi-fi
Main problem of which must be paid attention when choosing a form of information network is its(the security and safety facet. Mainstay a network hardly determined by fitur adequate security and safety. Standard Wi-Fi x'self has owned fitur elementary security and safety that is Service Set ID ( SSID) and Wired Equivalent Protocol ( WEP) [ 1].
31. Fitur elementary security and safety
3.1.1. Service Id Set ( SSID)
SSID is a string applied to define common roaming domain between a group of AP. SSID which is different at a group of AP enables overlapping in network wireless. SSID also can be conceived of password base. where an user will not can access network without his(its. Weakness from this fitur is that AP sends in broadcast its(the SSID the several per second so that equipment of analyst 80211 applicable to read it. That someone cannot step into network incidentally mere, hence SSID must be changed from its(the default value [ 1].
3.1.2. Wired Equivalent Protocol ( WEP)
To lessen security and safety problem, 80211b defines method autentikasi and encryption named by WEP. Encryption WEP based on algorithm RC4, what applies lock 40 bits and initializing vector ( IV) 24 random bits [ 1].
32. addition of Security and safety
1. WIRELESS FIDELITY ( Wi-Fi)
Wireless LAN gives level of flexibility and portability that is much higher is compared to ordinary LAN. WLAN mengkoneksikan other computer and component having wireless adapter into network through Access Point ( AP). Configuration WLAN in general is differentiated to become 2 kinds, that is infrastructure and ad hoc. At infrastructure type, AP incircuit direct to cable network. While at quad type hoc, AP incircuit to other AP passed mechanism of quad hoc. AP usually has coverage area to 100 metre, usual called as cell or range.
Wireless Fidelity ( Wi-Fi) be name given by Wi-Fi Alliance description of product wireless local area network to ( WLAN) which based on standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE) 80211. Kinds of variants 80211 has been released by visible IEEE at Tabel 1. Type that is most popular is applied in Indonesia and world is standard 80211b ( indoor) and 80211g ( outdoor). Both having compatibility from the angle of equipments user, so that user 80211b earns easily move to network 80211g when beyond room.
2. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY
Technology wireless long distance, hardly potency to be applied at area pedesaan/pedalaman. Main characteristic from this type technology is expense of its(the low development, amenity pambangunan, and its(the ability to reach wide geographical region. As access technology expected in the future, Wi-Fi must can give excellence signifikan compared to technology which there have now.
21. Comparison with WiMAX
Compared To Wi-Fi, WiMAX-yang has been diujicobakan in FTUI Februari 2006-adalah a real expensive technology in development initially. From the angle of its(the equipment industry, WiMAX also have been far lag compared to Wi-Fi. WiMAX designed to have standard which more pre-eminent and more completely is compared to Wi-Fi[2]. But, whereas WiMAX still in standardization level, equipments Wi-Fi has disseminated wide among world public, so that the price also downwards drastically. Now have been many companies, trying to university and hacker digs ability of deeper Wi-Fi again. And is not impossible thing if ability and popularity Wi-Fi would continuously increase during which will come. WiMAX possibly will very compatible applied for rural areas which its(the polpulation is low and distance between its(the populations is also far, while Wi-Fi would continuously grow and applicable to various network types like LAN, Neighbourhood Area Network ( NAN) and MAN [ 2].
22. Comparison with 3G
Compared to 3G, giving more Wi-Fi is opportunity compared to 3G because its(the cheap cost. 3G from initially just had required a real big cost for frequency spectrum license problem, while Wi-Fi using not to release cost at all for the thing. Peripheral 3G at side user which is the existing has started circulates also the price expensive, while communication means having adapter WiFi built indium have been many circulating and the price also increasingly downwards. From the angle of speed of its(the access, 3G promises will give speed of data until 2 Mbps, practically have never reached the speed one hundred %, because having to shares with other user [ 3]. usual maximum Throughput is given is around 100 Kbps.
3. FITUR SECURITY AND SAFETY Wi-fi
Main problem of which must be paid attention when choosing a form of information network is its(the security and safety facet. Mainstay a network hardly determined by fitur adequate security and safety. Standard Wi-Fi x'self has owned fitur elementary security and safety that is Service Set ID ( SSID) and Wired Equivalent Protocol ( WEP) [ 1].
31. Fitur elementary security and safety
3.1.1. Service Id Set ( SSID)
SSID is a string applied to define common roaming domain between a group of AP. SSID which is different at a group of AP enables overlapping in network wireless. SSID also can be conceived of password base. where an user will not can access network without his(its. Weakness from this fitur is that AP sends in broadcast its(the SSID the several per second so that equipment of analyst 80211 applicable to read it. That someone cannot step into network incidentally mere, hence SSID must be changed from its(the default value [ 1].
3.1.2. Wired Equivalent Protocol ( WEP)
To lessen security and safety problem, 80211b defines method autentikasi and encryption named by WEP. Encryption WEP based on algorithm RC4, what applies lock 40 bits and initializing vector ( IV) 24 random bits [ 1].
32. addition of Security and safety
Programming with Java
Java as one of programming language has just promised many amenities for junior programmer and also senior. this Tutorial will bring you to recognize farther this language through solution of simple scheme model concept and guide its use.
Is Java?
Java was programming language orients object developed by Sun Microsystems since the year 1991. This language developed with model is looking like language C++ and Smalltalk, but is designed that easier to be used and platform independent, that is can be implemented in various operating system types and computer architecture. This language also designed for programming in Internet causing is designed that be safe and portabel.
Platform Independent
Platform independent means program written in language Java to earn easily is removed between various operating system types and various computer architecture types. This aspect of vital importance to be able to reach purpose of Java as programming language Internet where a program will be implemented by various computer types with various operating system types. This character valids for level source code and binary code from program Java. Differs from language C and C++, all data types in language Java has consistent measure in all platform types. Source code program Java x'self not necessarily be altered at all if you compile wish tore- in other platform. Result from compile source code Java is not machine code or instruction of specific processor to certain machine, but in the form of bytecode which in the form of extension file . class. Bytecode earns your direct execution in every platform that by using Java Virtual Machine ( JVM) as interpreter to bytecode.
JVM x'self is an application run is above an operating system and translates bytecode program Java and executes it, so that in concept can be considered to be an interpreter. execution process of describable Java program as in Gambar 1. In this way, a program Java which has been compilation will be able to run in what particular platform, so long as there are JVM over there.
Kompiler and interpreter for program Java is in the form of Java Development Kit ( JDK) what produced by Sun Microsystems. this JDK can be download is free from situs java.sun.com. Interpreter for program Java x'self often also is called as Java Runtime or Java Virtual Machine. Interpreter Java, without its(the kompiler, called as Java Runtime Environment ( JRE) can be download also in the same situs. To develop program Java is required [by] JDK, while if only wish to implement bytecode enough Java with JRE only. But to execute applet ( a bytecode Java also) you usually no more require download JRE because browser which Java-enabled has owned JVM x'self.
Library
Besides kompiler and interpreter, language Java x'self has library which is big enough of which can water down you are in making an application swiftly. this Library has included for graphic, design user interface, kriptografi, network, voice, database, and others.
OO
Java is programming language orients object. Object-oriented programming clearly is technique to organize program and can be done with most all programming languages. But Java x'self implementation has various facilities that a programmer can optimal of object-oriented programming technique.
A few additional comparisons with language C and C++, Java many inheriting orientation concept of object from C++ but by eliminating complication aspects in language C++ without lessening its(the strength. This thing waters down newbie programmer to study Java but lessens facility of experienced programmer in mengutak-atic a program. At the opposite of amenity that is on the market Java, facility broadness library Java x'self makes a programmer to require time which is not shortened to be able to master usage of library-library.
Starts Java Programming
To make program Java, like has been mentioned before all, you requires JDK. installation process of JDK hardly easy and doesn't require certain knowledge. But to apply it your need to do some adjustment with your operating system. Generally you that need to do is enter path to directory JDK Anda to setting path at your operating system. Takes example directory JDK Anda is C:\jdk14 hence at Windows 98 you enough adding comand line SET PATH=C:\jdk14\bin at your autoexecbat file. For Windows NT/2000/XP Anda enough adding directory C:\jdk14\bin at variable path in System Environment. Its way: icon right click My Computer, select;chooses Properties. Then select;chooses tab Advanced. Then clicked button Environment Variables, variable searching path, then adds path directory JDK Anda into the variable. For Linux, adds comand line SET CLASSPATH=(direktori your jdk) to your profile file. To try JDK, types java comand and javac at shell prompt ( or DOS Command Prompt). If the comand have been recognized hence java program or javac will present sintaks usage. For amenity and various your addition facilities can apply Integrated Development Environment ( IDEA) for language Java like Visual Café from Symantec or JBuilder from Borland.
Stages;steps sequence which you must do to make a program Java simple is:
1. Makes source code program with any text editor. Remembers, the file extension must . java and case sensitive.
2. Compile source code by order of javac. For example: javac HelloWorldjava. If success, result of his(its is file bytecode ends . class.
3. Executes bytecode by order of java. Parameter from this comand is file name result of compilation without extension . class. Example: java HelloWorld.
Source Code
Following code for HelloWorldjava:
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Apa World News?");
}
}
And this an other example, that is simple applet to present text in applet. Calls this file so called HelloWorldAppletjava:
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends java.applet.Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
gdrawString("Apa Kabar Dunia?", 5, 25);
}
}
Clearly can be paid attention that second structure of program hardly looking like, and only differs in in execution context. Both this programs will be studied furthermore after we to study way of compile and executes the program.
Important to remember that language Java haves the character of case sensitive, so that you must pay attention to usage of uppercase and small. Besides writing of source code program is not must pay attention to certain form, so that you might possibly write down all lines source code in a line of you doesn't forget membubuhkan semicolon sign (;), or writes down every word in a line separate. But is suggested you to follow layout like at example of that your easy to read program and understood.
Compilation
After both files disave by the name of HelloWorldjava and HelloWorldAppletjava, we compile will second of the program by order:
prompt> javac HelloWorldjava
prompt> javac HelloWorldAppletjava
Need to be paid attention that active directory of you are the existing is directory place of you puts down the program files. You still your program compile can from directory differs from comand:
prompt> javac ( directory program)/namafilejava
After this comand completed, you will see that has been created two file . class, that is bytecode result of compilation source our code.
Sintaks Program
Now we will try studies elements in both source code.
In The Early Of Listing 2 we find import comand. At this early stage you should have knowledge that the statement only functioning waters down writing of method or in other programming language called as procedure or function. So You only need to write Graphics in the place of java.awt.Graphics, because we have imported java.awt.Graphics.
Then in each listing the
Is Java?
Java was programming language orients object developed by Sun Microsystems since the year 1991. This language developed with model is looking like language C++ and Smalltalk, but is designed that easier to be used and platform independent, that is can be implemented in various operating system types and computer architecture. This language also designed for programming in Internet causing is designed that be safe and portabel.
Platform Independent
Platform independent means program written in language Java to earn easily is removed between various operating system types and various computer architecture types. This aspect of vital importance to be able to reach purpose of Java as programming language Internet where a program will be implemented by various computer types with various operating system types. This character valids for level source code and binary code from program Java. Differs from language C and C++, all data types in language Java has consistent measure in all platform types. Source code program Java x'self not necessarily be altered at all if you compile wish tore- in other platform. Result from compile source code Java is not machine code or instruction of specific processor to certain machine, but in the form of bytecode which in the form of extension file . class. Bytecode earns your direct execution in every platform that by using Java Virtual Machine ( JVM) as interpreter to bytecode.
JVM x'self is an application run is above an operating system and translates bytecode program Java and executes it, so that in concept can be considered to be an interpreter. execution process of describable Java program as in Gambar 1. In this way, a program Java which has been compilation will be able to run in what particular platform, so long as there are JVM over there.
Kompiler and interpreter for program Java is in the form of Java Development Kit ( JDK) what produced by Sun Microsystems. this JDK can be download is free from situs java.sun.com. Interpreter for program Java x'self often also is called as Java Runtime or Java Virtual Machine. Interpreter Java, without its(the kompiler, called as Java Runtime Environment ( JRE) can be download also in the same situs. To develop program Java is required [by] JDK, while if only wish to implement bytecode enough Java with JRE only. But to execute applet ( a bytecode Java also) you usually no more require download JRE because browser which Java-enabled has owned JVM x'self.
Library
Besides kompiler and interpreter, language Java x'self has library which is big enough of which can water down you are in making an application swiftly. this Library has included for graphic, design user interface, kriptografi, network, voice, database, and others.
OO
Java is programming language orients object. Object-oriented programming clearly is technique to organize program and can be done with most all programming languages. But Java x'self implementation has various facilities that a programmer can optimal of object-oriented programming technique.
A few additional comparisons with language C and C++, Java many inheriting orientation concept of object from C++ but by eliminating complication aspects in language C++ without lessening its(the strength. This thing waters down newbie programmer to study Java but lessens facility of experienced programmer in mengutak-atic a program. At the opposite of amenity that is on the market Java, facility broadness library Java x'self makes a programmer to require time which is not shortened to be able to master usage of library-library.
Starts Java Programming
To make program Java, like has been mentioned before all, you requires JDK. installation process of JDK hardly easy and doesn't require certain knowledge. But to apply it your need to do some adjustment with your operating system. Generally you that need to do is enter path to directory JDK Anda to setting path at your operating system. Takes example directory JDK Anda is C:\jdk14 hence at Windows 98 you enough adding comand line SET PATH=C:\jdk14\bin at your autoexecbat file. For Windows NT/2000/XP Anda enough adding directory C:\jdk14\bin at variable path in System Environment. Its way: icon right click My Computer, select;chooses Properties. Then select;chooses tab Advanced. Then clicked button Environment Variables, variable searching path, then adds path directory JDK Anda into the variable. For Linux, adds comand line SET CLASSPATH=(direktori your jdk) to your profile file. To try JDK, types java comand and javac at shell prompt ( or DOS Command Prompt). If the comand have been recognized hence java program or javac will present sintaks usage. For amenity and various your addition facilities can apply Integrated Development Environment ( IDEA) for language Java like Visual Café from Symantec or JBuilder from Borland.
Stages;steps sequence which you must do to make a program Java simple is:
1. Makes source code program with any text editor. Remembers, the file extension must . java and case sensitive.
2. Compile source code by order of javac. For example: javac HelloWorldjava. If success, result of his(its is file bytecode ends . class.
3. Executes bytecode by order of java. Parameter from this comand is file name result of compilation without extension . class. Example: java HelloWorld.
Source Code
Following code for HelloWorldjava:
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Apa World News?");
}
}
And this an other example, that is simple applet to present text in applet. Calls this file so called HelloWorldAppletjava:
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends java.applet.Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
gdrawString("Apa Kabar Dunia?", 5, 25);
}
}
Clearly can be paid attention that second structure of program hardly looking like, and only differs in in execution context. Both this programs will be studied furthermore after we to study way of compile and executes the program.
Important to remember that language Java haves the character of case sensitive, so that you must pay attention to usage of uppercase and small. Besides writing of source code program is not must pay attention to certain form, so that you might possibly write down all lines source code in a line of you doesn't forget membubuhkan semicolon sign (;), or writes down every word in a line separate. But is suggested you to follow layout like at example of that your easy to read program and understood.
Compilation
After both files disave by the name of HelloWorldjava and HelloWorldAppletjava, we compile will second of the program by order:
prompt> javac HelloWorldjava
prompt> javac HelloWorldAppletjava
Need to be paid attention that active directory of you are the existing is directory place of you puts down the program files. You still your program compile can from directory differs from comand:
prompt> javac ( directory program)/namafilejava
After this comand completed, you will see that has been created two file . class, that is bytecode result of compilation source our code.
Sintaks Program
Now we will try studies elements in both source code.
In The Early Of Listing 2 we find import comand. At this early stage you should have knowledge that the statement only functioning waters down writing of method or in other programming language called as procedure or function. So You only need to write Graphics in the place of java.awt.Graphics, because we have imported java.awt.Graphics.
Then in each listing the
Builds The Application Of Web with AJAX
Most all sure people have ever applied gmail, yahoo mail, google sugest or Google maps, and sure of all people realizes that the application is application bases on web which is dynamic and applies new programming concept. If it is observed farther the application seen like the application of desktop without using any plug-in and also special facility from web browser.
What is it is returned that semua?konsep does about gerangan? Devils having devils simply concept used in the application of web is AJAX. Food is the AJAX? AJAX itself is elongation from Asynchronous Java and XML. Term AJAX applied at website having interaction with server through javascript in asinkron ( background), so that consumer is me-load not necessarily overall of contents of page. This thing causes time irritant and bandwidth, also yields website which more and more interaktif.
Usually at application bases on traditional web, to change content a page hence page di-load mustre-, however by using javascript or cascading style sheets ( CSS), programmer web can make an dynamic application without having to re- me-load keseluruhn contents of its(the page. In this article writer will try explains in detail how technics makes application to base on web using concept AJAX.
Definition AJAX
AJAX itself introduced by an expert of program maker especially programming bases on web. The a real meritorious man not other and not not be Rasmus Lerdorf, from this Rasmus Lerdorf green thumb also some times last borned PHP.
To the application of AJAX in website, what required is browser providing service Javascript, and component XMLHTTP for consumer Internet Explorer ( IE), and XMLHttpRequest for Firefox, Safary, other Opera and browser. The conditions is almost certain has fufilled, remembers internet consumer a lot to apply IE and Firefox.
Actually there is no new thing in AJAX, because applied is technology javascript, which notabene have been long enough been applied. Therefore, for which have been accustomed to javascript, would easily study AJAX. This solution doesn't emphasize at one of technology ( Javascript, AJAX, HTML, PHP), however entirety from the thing. This thing is because usage of AJAX is not only at side client ( browser), but also entangles response from server.
By using this concept, page HTML can make koneksi in asinkron to server by the way of taking XML or document text. Hereinafter XML or document of this text will be applied by javascript meng-update to or modifies Document Object Model ( DOM) at page HTML.
Henceforth this technology also is recognized web remoting or remote scripting. Developer Web can combine indium plug, java applets or hidden frame mengemulasikan interaction to between page HTML with document XML. In technology Javascript has been provided an object that is XMLHTTPRequest. This object have been many disupport by many browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Netscape and others.
Following illustration depicting interaction AJAX with Server :
Concepted this AJAX idea initially told by Rasmus Lerdorf. Rasmus Lerdorft arises this AJAX concept in a miling list ( milist). Having beginning of from milist is concept AJAX then is recognized and developed by many people. Following contents of milist sent by Rasmus Lerdorf.
List: php-general
Subject: [ PHP] Rasmus's 30 second AJAX Tutorial - [ was Re: [ PHP] AJAX & PHP]
From: Rasmus Lerdorf < rasmus () lerdorf ! com>
Date: 2005-07-21 22:50:56
Message-id: 42E026D03090601 () lerdorf ! com
I find an lot of this AJAX stuff an beet of a hype. Lots of people has
been using similar things long before it became " AJAX". And it really
isn't ace complicated ace an lot of people make it out to is. Here is a
simple example from one of my apps. First the Javascript:
function createRequestObject() {
var ro;
browser var = navigatorappName;
if(browser == " Microsoft Internet Explorer"){
ro = new ActiveXObject("MicrosoftXMLHTTP");
} else{
ro = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
return ro;
}
var http = createRequestObject();
function sndReq(action) {
httpopen('get', ' rpc.php?action='+action
httponreadystatechange = handleResponse;
httpsend(null);
}
function handleResponse() {
if(httpreadyState == 4){
var response = httpresponseText;
update var = new Array();
if(responseindexOf('|' != - 1)) {
update = responsesplit('|');
document.getElementById(update[0]).innerHTML = update[1];
}
}
}
This creates a request object along with an as of neodymium request and handle
response function. So to actually use it, you could include this js indium
your page. Then to make one of these backend requests you would tie it
to something. Like an onclick event or a straight href like this:
< a href="javascript:sndReq('foo')">
That means that when someone clicks on that link what actually happens
is that a backend request to rpc.php?action=foo will is sent.
Indium rpcphp you might has something like this:
switch($_REQUEST['action']) {
case ' foo':
/ does something /
echo " foo|foo done";
break;
...
}
Now, look at handleResponse. It parses the " foo|foo done" string and
splits it on the '|' and uses whatever is before the '|' ace the dom
element indium id your page and the part after ace the new innerHTML of that
element. That means if you has a div tag like this indium your page:
< div id="foo">
< /div>
Once you click on that link, that will dynamically is changed to:
< div id="foo">
What is it is returned that semua?konsep does about gerangan? Devils having devils simply concept used in the application of web is AJAX. Food is the AJAX? AJAX itself is elongation from Asynchronous Java and XML. Term AJAX applied at website having interaction with server through javascript in asinkron ( background), so that consumer is me-load not necessarily overall of contents of page. This thing causes time irritant and bandwidth, also yields website which more and more interaktif.
Usually at application bases on traditional web, to change content a page hence page di-load mustre-, however by using javascript or cascading style sheets ( CSS), programmer web can make an dynamic application without having to re- me-load keseluruhn contents of its(the page. In this article writer will try explains in detail how technics makes application to base on web using concept AJAX.
Definition AJAX
AJAX itself introduced by an expert of program maker especially programming bases on web. The a real meritorious man not other and not not be Rasmus Lerdorf, from this Rasmus Lerdorf green thumb also some times last borned PHP.
To the application of AJAX in website, what required is browser providing service Javascript, and component XMLHTTP for consumer Internet Explorer ( IE), and XMLHttpRequest for Firefox, Safary, other Opera and browser. The conditions is almost certain has fufilled, remembers internet consumer a lot to apply IE and Firefox.
Actually there is no new thing in AJAX, because applied is technology javascript, which notabene have been long enough been applied. Therefore, for which have been accustomed to javascript, would easily study AJAX. This solution doesn't emphasize at one of technology ( Javascript, AJAX, HTML, PHP), however entirety from the thing. This thing is because usage of AJAX is not only at side client ( browser), but also entangles response from server.
By using this concept, page HTML can make koneksi in asinkron to server by the way of taking XML or document text. Hereinafter XML or document of this text will be applied by javascript meng-update to or modifies Document Object Model ( DOM) at page HTML.
Henceforth this technology also is recognized web remoting or remote scripting. Developer Web can combine indium plug, java applets or hidden frame mengemulasikan interaction to between page HTML with document XML. In technology Javascript has been provided an object that is XMLHTTPRequest. This object have been many disupport by many browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Netscape and others.
Following illustration depicting interaction AJAX with Server :
Concepted this AJAX idea initially told by Rasmus Lerdorf. Rasmus Lerdorft arises this AJAX concept in a miling list ( milist). Having beginning of from milist is concept AJAX then is recognized and developed by many people. Following contents of milist sent by Rasmus Lerdorf.
List: php-general
Subject: [ PHP] Rasmus's 30 second AJAX Tutorial - [ was Re: [ PHP] AJAX & PHP]
From: Rasmus Lerdorf < rasmus () lerdorf ! com>
Date: 2005-07-21 22:50:56
Message-id: 42E026D03090601 () lerdorf ! com
I find an lot of this AJAX stuff an beet of a hype. Lots of people has
been using similar things long before it became " AJAX". And it really
isn't ace complicated ace an lot of people make it out to is. Here is a
simple example from one of my apps. First the Javascript:
function createRequestObject() {
var ro;
browser var = navigatorappName;
if(browser == " Microsoft Internet Explorer"){
ro = new ActiveXObject("MicrosoftXMLHTTP");
} else{
ro = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
return ro;
}
var http = createRequestObject();
function sndReq(action) {
httpopen('get', ' rpc.php?action='+action
httponreadystatechange = handleResponse;
httpsend(null);
}
function handleResponse() {
if(httpreadyState == 4){
var response = httpresponseText;
update var = new Array();
if(responseindexOf('|' != - 1)) {
update = responsesplit('|');
document.getElementById(update[0]).innerHTML = update[1];
}
}
}
This creates a request object along with an as of neodymium request and handle
response function. So to actually use it, you could include this js indium
your page. Then to make one of these backend requests you would tie it
to something. Like an onclick event or a straight href like this:
< a href="javascript:sndReq('foo')">
That means that when someone clicks on that link what actually happens
is that a backend request to rpc.php?action=foo will is sent.
Indium rpcphp you might has something like this:
switch($_REQUEST['action']) {
case ' foo':
/ does something /
echo " foo|foo done";
break;
...
}
Now, look at handleResponse. It parses the " foo|foo done" string and
splits it on the '|' and uses whatever is before the '|' ace the dom
element indium id your page and the part after ace the new innerHTML of that
element. That means if you has a div tag like this indium your page:
< div id="foo">
< /div>
Once you click on that link, that will dynamically is changed to:
< div id="foo">
CHICKEN CONDUCTING PETELUR
1. BRIEF HISTORY
Chicken petelur is female chickens of adult looked after is special to be taken its(the egg. Poultry chicken provenance is coming from partridge and mallard catched and looked after and can lay eggs quite a lot. Year after year partridge from world region is selected tightly by the expert. direction of Selection addressed to production which many, because the partridges can be taken its(the egg and flesh hence direction from production which many in the selections started specific. Chicken selected for purpose of produce of flesh is recognized as chicken broiler, while to producing egg is recognized as chicken petelur. Besides, selection also is aimed at finite eggshell colour then is recognized white petelur chicken and chicken petelur cacao. the Cross and selection is done sufficiently long so yielding chicken petelur like the one is present. In each time cross, bad thrown and goodness defended (" always is purified"). This then is recognized as pre-eminent petelur chicken.
Steps on beginning of year 1900-an, the permanent wild chicken at its(the place is chummy with life pattern of public is rural. Enters period 1940-an, people starts recognizes chicken besides the wild chicken. From here, people starts differentiates between Dutchman chickens ( Nation of that moment Dutch colonizes Indonesia) with wild chicken in Indonesia. This wild chicken then is named local chicken which then is called as kampong chicken because existence of the chicken of course in rural. Whereas Dutchman chicken called as with overseas chicken which then more chummyly with the title country chicken ( the scorpion still be pure blooded country chicken). A kind of this chicken able to be met in year 1950-an looked after by some people chicken devotee. Till end of period 1980-an, Indonesian people is not many recognizing classification of chicken. At the time, chicken character is assumed [by] like kampong chicken only, if(when its(the egg is delicious is eaten [by] hence its(the flesh is also delicious is eaten. But, the opinion simply not true, chicken negeri/ayam this race simply lays eggs many but not delicious of its(the flesh.
Chicken which first entrance and starts bred at this period is race chicken petelur white leghorn which is thin and generally after pot is clean a period of his(its productive. Antipathy people to race chicken flesh sufficiently long finite
nearing period end 1990-an. At the time starts merebak poultry broiler which of course special for flesh, whereas chicken petelur dwiguna/ayam brown petelur started mushroom also. Here public starts consciousness that race chicken has classification as reliable petelur and pedaging which delicious. Takes its rise also keen emulation between eggs and race chicken flesh with egg and kampong chicken flesh. Meanwhile brown race chicken's egg started to wind, while kampong chicken's egg starts depressed at usage of traditional food recipe only. Emulation this is indicating the hoisterous of poultry petelur.
Kampong chicken of course lays eggs and its(the flesh is of course lays eggs and its(the flesh is edible, but cannot be classified as double use chicken in komersial-unggul. Its(the cause, base genetis between kampong chickens and this double use petelur race chicken of course differs in far. Kampong chicken ably remarkable adaptation of the good. So kampong chicken can anticipate change of climate carefully is compared to race chicken. Only ability of its(the genetis differentiating second production of this chicken. Although the race chicken also comes from wild chicken in Asia and African.
2. SENTRA BREEDING
Chicken has been developed very fast in setiapa state. Sentra poultry petelur have been met in all pelosok Indonesia especially at Pulau Jawa and Sumatra, but poultry has disseminated in Asia and African and some of Europes.
3. J E Nitrogen I Sulfur
Chicken type petelur is divided to to become two types:
1) Light Petelur Chicken Type.
This chicken type called as with white petelur chicken. This light petelur chicken has body which ramping/kurus-mungil/kecil and eye shines. Its(the fur having colour clean white and red berjengger. This chicken comes from pure blooded of white leghorn. This strain chicken difficult to be searched, but commercial light petelur chicken many sold in Indonesia with various names. Every pembibit chicken petelur in Indonesia surely had and sells light petelur chicken ( white petelur) this commercial. This chicken can lay eggs more than 260 eggs per year produce of hen house. As petelur, chicken type this of course special to lay eggs is just so that all x'self abilities aimed at ability to lay eggs, because its(the only a few flesh. This sensitive light petelur chicken of hot weather bound and hubbub, and this chicken easy to surprise and if surprising this chicken its(the production would quickly downwards, so do if(when heat.
2) Chicken Type Petelur Medium.
This chicken body wight enough weights. Though that, wt. still residing in between light petelur chicken weights and chicken broiler. Therefore this chicken called as chicken type petelur medium. This chicken body not thin, but nor seen fat. Its(the egg is quite a lot as well as can yield flesh which many. This chicken called as also with double use type chicken. Because its(the brown colour, hence this chicken called as with chicken petelur cacao that is generally has brown fur colour also. Marketing people to tell preferred cacao egg than egg whites, if it is seen from its(the skin colour is of course more draws brown than white, but from the angle of gizi and same relative taste. One different things is the price is marketing, the price of costlier cacao egg than egg whites. This thing is because of heavier cacao egg than its(the egg whites and production slimmer cacao egg than egg whites. Besides flesh from chicken petelur medium would more saleably sold as broiler with delicious taste.
4. BENEFIT
The pre-eminent petelur chickens is very good used as germplasm to yield certifiable seed. Result of dirt and waste from cutting of chicken petelur is changeable by-product become manure, compost or energy source ( biogas). While like intestine and chicken viscera can be made as poultry foodder after dried. Besides chicken is exploited also in religious ceremony.
5. LOCATION CLAUSES
1) Location which far from keramaian/perumahan resident.
Chicken petelur is female chickens of adult looked after is special to be taken its(the egg. Poultry chicken provenance is coming from partridge and mallard catched and looked after and can lay eggs quite a lot. Year after year partridge from world region is selected tightly by the expert. direction of Selection addressed to production which many, because the partridges can be taken its(the egg and flesh hence direction from production which many in the selections started specific. Chicken selected for purpose of produce of flesh is recognized as chicken broiler, while to producing egg is recognized as chicken petelur. Besides, selection also is aimed at finite eggshell colour then is recognized white petelur chicken and chicken petelur cacao. the Cross and selection is done sufficiently long so yielding chicken petelur like the one is present. In each time cross, bad thrown and goodness defended (" always is purified"). This then is recognized as pre-eminent petelur chicken.
Steps on beginning of year 1900-an, the permanent wild chicken at its(the place is chummy with life pattern of public is rural. Enters period 1940-an, people starts recognizes chicken besides the wild chicken. From here, people starts differentiates between Dutchman chickens ( Nation of that moment Dutch colonizes Indonesia) with wild chicken in Indonesia. This wild chicken then is named local chicken which then is called as kampong chicken because existence of the chicken of course in rural. Whereas Dutchman chicken called as with overseas chicken which then more chummyly with the title country chicken ( the scorpion still be pure blooded country chicken). A kind of this chicken able to be met in year 1950-an looked after by some people chicken devotee. Till end of period 1980-an, Indonesian people is not many recognizing classification of chicken. At the time, chicken character is assumed [by] like kampong chicken only, if(when its(the egg is delicious is eaten [by] hence its(the flesh is also delicious is eaten. But, the opinion simply not true, chicken negeri/ayam this race simply lays eggs many but not delicious of its(the flesh.
Chicken which first entrance and starts bred at this period is race chicken petelur white leghorn which is thin and generally after pot is clean a period of his(its productive. Antipathy people to race chicken flesh sufficiently long finite
nearing period end 1990-an. At the time starts merebak poultry broiler which of course special for flesh, whereas chicken petelur dwiguna/ayam brown petelur started mushroom also. Here public starts consciousness that race chicken has classification as reliable petelur and pedaging which delicious. Takes its rise also keen emulation between eggs and race chicken flesh with egg and kampong chicken flesh. Meanwhile brown race chicken's egg started to wind, while kampong chicken's egg starts depressed at usage of traditional food recipe only. Emulation this is indicating the hoisterous of poultry petelur.
Kampong chicken of course lays eggs and its(the flesh is of course lays eggs and its(the flesh is edible, but cannot be classified as double use chicken in komersial-unggul. Its(the cause, base genetis between kampong chickens and this double use petelur race chicken of course differs in far. Kampong chicken ably remarkable adaptation of the good. So kampong chicken can anticipate change of climate carefully is compared to race chicken. Only ability of its(the genetis differentiating second production of this chicken. Although the race chicken also comes from wild chicken in Asia and African.
2. SENTRA BREEDING
Chicken has been developed very fast in setiapa state. Sentra poultry petelur have been met in all pelosok Indonesia especially at Pulau Jawa and Sumatra, but poultry has disseminated in Asia and African and some of Europes.
3. J E Nitrogen I Sulfur
Chicken type petelur is divided to to become two types:
1) Light Petelur Chicken Type.
This chicken type called as with white petelur chicken. This light petelur chicken has body which ramping/kurus-mungil/kecil and eye shines. Its(the fur having colour clean white and red berjengger. This chicken comes from pure blooded of white leghorn. This strain chicken difficult to be searched, but commercial light petelur chicken many sold in Indonesia with various names. Every pembibit chicken petelur in Indonesia surely had and sells light petelur chicken ( white petelur) this commercial. This chicken can lay eggs more than 260 eggs per year produce of hen house. As petelur, chicken type this of course special to lay eggs is just so that all x'self abilities aimed at ability to lay eggs, because its(the only a few flesh. This sensitive light petelur chicken of hot weather bound and hubbub, and this chicken easy to surprise and if surprising this chicken its(the production would quickly downwards, so do if(when heat.
2) Chicken Type Petelur Medium.
This chicken body wight enough weights. Though that, wt. still residing in between light petelur chicken weights and chicken broiler. Therefore this chicken called as chicken type petelur medium. This chicken body not thin, but nor seen fat. Its(the egg is quite a lot as well as can yield flesh which many. This chicken called as also with double use type chicken. Because its(the brown colour, hence this chicken called as with chicken petelur cacao that is generally has brown fur colour also. Marketing people to tell preferred cacao egg than egg whites, if it is seen from its(the skin colour is of course more draws brown than white, but from the angle of gizi and same relative taste. One different things is the price is marketing, the price of costlier cacao egg than egg whites. This thing is because of heavier cacao egg than its(the egg whites and production slimmer cacao egg than egg whites. Besides flesh from chicken petelur medium would more saleably sold as broiler with delicious taste.
4. BENEFIT
The pre-eminent petelur chickens is very good used as germplasm to yield certifiable seed. Result of dirt and waste from cutting of chicken petelur is changeable by-product become manure, compost or energy source ( biogas). While like intestine and chicken viscera can be made as poultry foodder after dried. Besides chicken is exploited also in religious ceremony.
5. LOCATION CLAUSES
1) Location which far from keramaian/perumahan resident.
EXPLOITING of COMPUTER IN PUBLIC
11 ANTECEDENTS
Without we realize, computer has stood in public. This thing applies in developed countries and also in state is being growing in Indonesia. Computer actually doesn't differ from other tekhnologi product like train, plane, television car and others. What differentiating computer with other product be the ability to be able to be program to execute assorted of duty with high speed and correctness.
The physics experts, electronics and computer has developed microprocessor which big is capable. Such processor many applied as part of controller of other energy product like guided missile, motor vehicle, aeroplane, camera, personal computer and this thing always grows as according to development of epoch.
Computer at the moment many applied as a means of assists to process various data types like processing of student value with computer, making of value list, calculation average of class nor reports for kepentinag evaluation of education. Computer also have been many applied to print electrical invoice receipt, telephone, credit card and others.
Basically computer is applied as a means of assists menyimpan to, process and takes again data or information required. Work area that is also starts affecting as seen exemplified following :
" Preparation of correspondences up to storage of archive is office.
" Filming in the field of animation and effects 3 dimension
" Seeking of book based on book heading and author's name in library
" Administrative services and quality of medical service at hospital.
" Ordering of ticket peswat flies at perusahan international and also domestic air transport.
" administration of State like data administration of officer, data administration kependudukan, making of KTP, SIM and others.
" Usage of computer in the field of industry.
Some examples is upper is a few example of exploitings of computer in various work areas. Still many other areas which has not been mentioned. Appreciation to impact of a new product not always must have of circumstantial knowledge about the product. Observation to impact of computer is public able to be done by exploiting tekhnologi is around [by] public.
12 Some The Application Of Important
Computer is a real basic and important invention. Computer is not only assists works however changing mode of action and at the same time generates new challenge and problems in area.
1.2.1 Clever Cars
Microprocessor dimanfaatkat has to increase comfort and safety pilots car. For example in the year 1985, oldsmobile from US has applied control system to base on microprocessor at its(the product. Microprocessor gets data input from some sources, like :
" Metre injection pump ( machine burden)
" Alternator ( rotation mesin/menit)
" Machine cooling system
" Absolute pressure sensor to watch circulation and pembuanagan gas
" Transmission tooth
The input data diolah by microprocessor to perform [a] precaution that machine is not too temperature, watchs rotation of machine, machine burden and usage of correct transmission tooth and as according to requirement.
1.2.2 Electronic libraries
Space and time was two main problemses faced by Perpustakaan these days. Cost needed to by menyimpan book, magazine, journal, newspaper and handing out always swells. Beside the matter, library officer burden to serve reader to find reading material required increasingly day increasingly heavy because reading amounts that is increasingly increases. This thing results slow of service.
The problems is tried overcome with help of computer. Computer at this sat have been can replace powered katalogdan accomodated big. Data base system jugatelah grows so that able to manage data in jumlha which very big. Progress in tekhnik re- seeking is information had enabled done seeking to return inside information of a flash in the pan.
Development of tekhnik printing with help of computer membuaka new nuance in moth-balls information. Book or magazine printed always diolah and crosschecked with computer, so that information of obtainable elektronis directly.
1.2.3 Operations of Air Traffic
Air traffic was traffic that is very gristle in human life, although in indonesia number of its(the air transports still be relative low compared to advance nations. Even though operation of air traffic have been executed modernly, done with sophisticated equipments bases on computer. This thing is done by defaults in operation of air traffic will cause on fatal.
1.2.4 Weather Data Processings
Weather data collected from hundreds or even thousands of station of station of watcher in bumidan is space. This data channelled through international telecommunications channel to center weather data processing. To form model peraamalan of local weather.
1.2.5 Video Games
This game very quickly gets marketing and particularly in liking by the rising generation. Various game types which have never is realized to become reality. Place of game spread over dimana-mana in center expenditures, recreation or in nearly school. So young children started forgets its(the obligation as pupil or as member of public. The this game supporters express that game character is educate and increases coordination between eyes and hand. There is whereas pendapay telling that youngster taking a fancy to permaianan of video they will interest with computer and programmer however more personal computer in reality applied for game from at programmer.
Recognition of Internet
11 Internet Understanding
Internet is gathering of related personal computer one otherly in the form of network. Network is created [by] through telecommunications channel, like telephone. Personal computer can reside in various places that is separate, either in international and also national region.
Every personal computer merged into by network can communicate in the form of transfer of lateral data of image and voice. In a second and in two directions. Other term for internet is virtual world, cyberspace,homepage ata www ( world wide web)
Internet is property of world public. Nobody or institute which can claim Internet as property of his own. As member of internet, you can do transfer of text and various messages with having million man in business, academy, other goverment and organization, access software, documents about art, politics, culture, picture, map, weather, library catalogue and various information from various place of whole world.
Internet supposed as an fairish electronic town of giant, where every resident has address which applicable to send letter. If we like to circled enough town with its(the computer as vehicle.
Operation of convergent network to supporting facilities for telekominikasi. Its(the low-speed line using modem and telephone channel; while its(the throughway using ISDN or frame relay.
12 Development of Internet
Internet has created new world for human life. Which its(the apparition is started started [by] when department of defence of United States makes project of ARPA ( Advanced Research Project Agency) with the title ARPAnet. ARPANET semuala designed to find reliable computer network, and smpai how big movable information and all standards determined to become genesis for expansion of new protocol recognized as TCP\IP.
Then NSF ( National Science Foundation) continuing this project and then creates network x'self so called NSFnet based on technology IP used by ARPAnet with telephone channel as supporting facilities for transmission. Because its(the cost is too height, hence the side of NSF decides makes alternative where computer will relate to local network, then this local network distributes to other computer network.
This success alternative, so that its(the computer network is developed furthermore by Merit Network Inc to cooperate with IBM and MCI, however relationship still limited to academy area, governmental research institute and institution in United States.
13 Internet Facility
Internet as global computer network has proven can water down its(the user to communicate and memeperoleh information. Following is enclosed facilitys owned by internet, inter alia :
" E-mail
" Mailing List ( newsgroup)
" File server/transfer
" Web/Distributed Multimedia database, as plane
" Video and Suara
Electronic mail ( E-mail), By using this facility you can send letter and file between computers keseluruh world only pay [for] modulation of local telephone and news which you sends to until purpose in a few minute.
Newsgroup ( mailinglist), This facility built with the same tekhnik with electronic spreading process. With this facility news in distributing kebanyak user at the same time, so that its(the user can do discussion, seminar, delivered a lecture, had conference in electronic without engagement by time and space.
File server/transfer. This facility enables you copies file which you to require the in its(the internet and menyimpan at your computer file.
Web/Distributed Multimedia Database, facility facilitating you in doing navigation of information in internet.
Video Facility and Suara, with this facility you can find voice and picture which in big supply in internet.
14 Type Koneksi Internet
In doing tacking or conection with internet there are some ways adapted for level of access from internet communications. There is three type koneksi from internet that is :
" Online or dial, account through internet provider this account often is called as also as shell account. this more limited Pengguanaan majored at low cost. Online accounts provided from some facilities that is internet provider, online service commercially and university, goverment or organization non profit.
" Koneksi SLIP/PPP, With this koneksi hence transfer of quicker data so that you can implement the program is internet, you no more require sends data per character through modem
" Facility which can be rented or leased line. To use line rented need to use TCP/IP software at one particular LAN. To make a facility which can be rented very complex and required [by] time. Usually company using this line used to be sold again small and middle keperusahan.
Without we realize, computer has stood in public. This thing applies in developed countries and also in state is being growing in Indonesia. Computer actually doesn't differ from other tekhnologi product like train, plane, television car and others. What differentiating computer with other product be the ability to be able to be program to execute assorted of duty with high speed and correctness.
The physics experts, electronics and computer has developed microprocessor which big is capable. Such processor many applied as part of controller of other energy product like guided missile, motor vehicle, aeroplane, camera, personal computer and this thing always grows as according to development of epoch.
Computer at the moment many applied as a means of assists to process various data types like processing of student value with computer, making of value list, calculation average of class nor reports for kepentinag evaluation of education. Computer also have been many applied to print electrical invoice receipt, telephone, credit card and others.
Basically computer is applied as a means of assists menyimpan to, process and takes again data or information required. Work area that is also starts affecting as seen exemplified following :
" Preparation of correspondences up to storage of archive is office.
" Filming in the field of animation and effects 3 dimension
" Seeking of book based on book heading and author's name in library
" Administrative services and quality of medical service at hospital.
" Ordering of ticket peswat flies at perusahan international and also domestic air transport.
" administration of State like data administration of officer, data administration kependudukan, making of KTP, SIM and others.
" Usage of computer in the field of industry.
Some examples is upper is a few example of exploitings of computer in various work areas. Still many other areas which has not been mentioned. Appreciation to impact of a new product not always must have of circumstantial knowledge about the product. Observation to impact of computer is public able to be done by exploiting tekhnologi is around [by] public.
12 Some The Application Of Important
Computer is a real basic and important invention. Computer is not only assists works however changing mode of action and at the same time generates new challenge and problems in area.
1.2.1 Clever Cars
Microprocessor dimanfaatkat has to increase comfort and safety pilots car. For example in the year 1985, oldsmobile from US has applied control system to base on microprocessor at its(the product. Microprocessor gets data input from some sources, like :
" Metre injection pump ( machine burden)
" Alternator ( rotation mesin/menit)
" Machine cooling system
" Absolute pressure sensor to watch circulation and pembuanagan gas
" Transmission tooth
The input data diolah by microprocessor to perform [a] precaution that machine is not too temperature, watchs rotation of machine, machine burden and usage of correct transmission tooth and as according to requirement.
1.2.2 Electronic libraries
Space and time was two main problemses faced by Perpustakaan these days. Cost needed to by menyimpan book, magazine, journal, newspaper and handing out always swells. Beside the matter, library officer burden to serve reader to find reading material required increasingly day increasingly heavy because reading amounts that is increasingly increases. This thing results slow of service.
The problems is tried overcome with help of computer. Computer at this sat have been can replace powered katalogdan accomodated big. Data base system jugatelah grows so that able to manage data in jumlha which very big. Progress in tekhnik re- seeking is information had enabled done seeking to return inside information of a flash in the pan.
Development of tekhnik printing with help of computer membuaka new nuance in moth-balls information. Book or magazine printed always diolah and crosschecked with computer, so that information of obtainable elektronis directly.
1.2.3 Operations of Air Traffic
Air traffic was traffic that is very gristle in human life, although in indonesia number of its(the air transports still be relative low compared to advance nations. Even though operation of air traffic have been executed modernly, done with sophisticated equipments bases on computer. This thing is done by defaults in operation of air traffic will cause on fatal.
1.2.4 Weather Data Processings
Weather data collected from hundreds or even thousands of station of station of watcher in bumidan is space. This data channelled through international telecommunications channel to center weather data processing. To form model peraamalan of local weather.
1.2.5 Video Games
This game very quickly gets marketing and particularly in liking by the rising generation. Various game types which have never is realized to become reality. Place of game spread over dimana-mana in center expenditures, recreation or in nearly school. So young children started forgets its(the obligation as pupil or as member of public. The this game supporters express that game character is educate and increases coordination between eyes and hand. There is whereas pendapay telling that youngster taking a fancy to permaianan of video they will interest with computer and programmer however more personal computer in reality applied for game from at programmer.
Recognition of Internet
11 Internet Understanding
Internet is gathering of related personal computer one otherly in the form of network. Network is created [by] through telecommunications channel, like telephone. Personal computer can reside in various places that is separate, either in international and also national region.
Every personal computer merged into by network can communicate in the form of transfer of lateral data of image and voice. In a second and in two directions. Other term for internet is virtual world, cyberspace,homepage ata www ( world wide web)
Internet is property of world public. Nobody or institute which can claim Internet as property of his own. As member of internet, you can do transfer of text and various messages with having million man in business, academy, other goverment and organization, access software, documents about art, politics, culture, picture, map, weather, library catalogue and various information from various place of whole world.
Internet supposed as an fairish electronic town of giant, where every resident has address which applicable to send letter. If we like to circled enough town with its(the computer as vehicle.
Operation of convergent network to supporting facilities for telekominikasi. Its(the low-speed line using modem and telephone channel; while its(the throughway using ISDN or frame relay.
12 Development of Internet
Internet has created new world for human life. Which its(the apparition is started started [by] when department of defence of United States makes project of ARPA ( Advanced Research Project Agency) with the title ARPAnet. ARPANET semuala designed to find reliable computer network, and smpai how big movable information and all standards determined to become genesis for expansion of new protocol recognized as TCP\IP.
Then NSF ( National Science Foundation) continuing this project and then creates network x'self so called NSFnet based on technology IP used by ARPAnet with telephone channel as supporting facilities for transmission. Because its(the cost is too height, hence the side of NSF decides makes alternative where computer will relate to local network, then this local network distributes to other computer network.
This success alternative, so that its(the computer network is developed furthermore by Merit Network Inc to cooperate with IBM and MCI, however relationship still limited to academy area, governmental research institute and institution in United States.
13 Internet Facility
Internet as global computer network has proven can water down its(the user to communicate and memeperoleh information. Following is enclosed facilitys owned by internet, inter alia :
" Mailing List ( newsgroup)
" File server/transfer
" Web/Distributed Multimedia database, as plane
" Video and Suara
Electronic mail ( E-mail), By using this facility you can send letter and file between computers keseluruh world only pay [for] modulation of local telephone and news which you sends to until purpose in a few minute.
Newsgroup ( mailinglist), This facility built with the same tekhnik with electronic spreading process. With this facility news in distributing kebanyak user at the same time, so that its(the user can do discussion, seminar, delivered a lecture, had conference in electronic without engagement by time and space.
File server/transfer. This facility enables you copies file which you to require the in its(the internet and menyimpan at your computer file.
Web/Distributed Multimedia Database, facility facilitating you in doing navigation of information in internet.
Video Facility and Suara, with this facility you can find voice and picture which in big supply in internet.
14 Type Koneksi Internet
In doing tacking or conection with internet there are some ways adapted for level of access from internet communications. There is three type koneksi from internet that is :
" Online or dial, account through internet provider this account often is called as also as shell account. this more limited Pengguanaan majored at low cost. Online accounts provided from some facilities that is internet provider, online service commercially and university, goverment or organization non profit.
" Koneksi SLIP/PPP, With this koneksi hence transfer of quicker data so that you can implement the program is internet, you no more require sends data per character through modem
" Facility which can be rented or leased line. To use line rented need to use TCP/IP software at one particular LAN. To make a facility which can be rented very complex and required [by] time. Usually company using this line used to be sold again small and middle keperusahan.
way of having business with forex
Forex is not business making we are rich direct during quickly, we must many learnings ( if we have ever fallen in this business). Altogether need to process, uses virtual funds/demo former account. Didn't assume this business negativity if we loss have ever and didn't make easy this business if we profit have ever. Forex is pure of business, pure worked. We need to work not merely using physical but fikiran & our emotion also must be drawn up ( forgiveness is not pretend learns). Rata2 man who failed in this business is because terlau palters this too business idealist then of opinion quickly produces fruit result in a crack, in the end swimmingly directlies enter market that is in the end loses.
This of I sharing strategy would safe of forex my other trading of which you able to try. You please try in Virtual/demo former account to prove it.
" Came on the market only if there are news/fundamental which its(the impact is big,
" In www.forexfactory.com big news is marked with rose colored impact picture.
Actually we are not necessarily too dramatizes meaning of release news because although for example release its(the data is good, be not guaranted be thought well of by world market perpetrator as well as on the contrary release bad data is not guaranted assumed bad ( not as bad as from forcast). In This strategy we only continue trend/arah only, because usually is every release news, market will make a move searah/ to form strong trend. 10 minutes before release data we should have attached trap, order buy stop and sell stop.
This of I sharing strategy would safe of forex my other trading of which you able to try. You please try in Virtual/demo former account to prove it.
" Came on the market only if there are news/fundamental which its(the impact is big,
" In www.forexfactory.com big news is marked with rose colored impact picture.
Actually we are not necessarily too dramatizes meaning of release news because although for example release its(the data is good, be not guaranted be thought well of by world market perpetrator as well as on the contrary release bad data is not guaranted assumed bad ( not as bad as from forcast). In This strategy we only continue trend/arah only, because usually is every release news, market will make a move searah/ to form strong trend. 10 minutes before release data we should have attached trap, order buy stop and sell stop.
6/7/09
How uranus helped neptunus
Yes, uranus helped astronomers discover the planet neptune! Just like trains, planeta also follow a time table as they move across the sky. Astronomers worled out a timetable that uranus was supposed to follow but it was unpredictable-sometimes it was late for a ‘station’ in the sky. It was as if uranus was hitting a bump on its path around the sun. Astronomers suggested that this bump could be another planet pulling at uranus with its force of gravity. Because they knew the ‘bus stop’ at which uranus was late, they could work out where the other planet should be.
Uranus
Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun, was the first planet to be discovered with a telescope. It consists of a rocky core, surrounded by a deep ocean and covered by thick clouds of gas. This planet is about 3000 million kilometres from the sun. Ayear on uranus is equal to eighty-four earth years and a day is about sixten to eighteen earth hours long.
The many-ringed planet
The most intriguing thing about saturn is the many rings around it. I bet you do not know that the rings are actually billons of piece if ice. Each piece of ice (from tiny specks to large clumps of snow) revolves around saturn just as the moon circles earth. Saturn is actually a huge ball of gas that gets thicker towards the centre. Although saturn is huge – it is also the second largest planet after jupiter- it is not as heavy as as ball of water of the same size. In fact, if there were an ocean big enough to contain it. Saturn would actually float int the water.
The giant planet
Jupiter is by far the biggest planet in the solar system. It is more then eleven times bigger than earth. Another special thing about jupter is that it is made of liquis. Mercury, venus, mars and earth are solid balls of rock but jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun, is a big ball of liquid with an iron core. Do you know that there has been a huge hurricane whirling in jupiter’s atmosphere for hundreds of years? Can you imagine living in a planet like that?
Life on mars
With all the similarities between earth and mars, many people thuoght that there could be life on mars. In 1877, schiaparelli, an italian astronomer, thought that he saw straight lines on the planet. Another american astronomer, percival lowell, thought that these lines were canals and concluded that they muast have been bilt by the people of mars. He said that the people of mars planted crops along the canals. Then a few years ago, some space craft, without people on board, visited mars. They had special automatie spades at tached to them. The spades dug up some soil in mars and brouht it back to earth. Test were carried out but they revealed no evidence of any life form on mars. Photographs proved there were no canals
The red planet
Mars is sometomes called the red planet because it shines with a reddish gleam. Fierce windstorms whip sand up from the plains of mars and fill the air with dust. This dust gives sky of mars its strange crimson colour. Like earth, mars has volcanoes, canyons and mountains but they are many bigger than those on earth. In fact, mars is more like our earth than any of other planets. It is not as close to the sun as mercury and venus, so it is not as hot as they are. Mars even has seasons like those on earth but they last twice as long.
Our earth
The planet earth is in the most favourable position in the solar system. Being the third planet away from the sun, it is neither too hot nor too cold. This is also one of the reasons why it is able to support animal life. The earth is not a round ball as everyone thinks it is. It is actually a sphere with a slightly flattened top and bottom, where the north pole and south pole are, respectively. You may find it hard to believe but the earth spins on its axis. What is an axis? It is an imaginary line that connects the north and south poles. And this is how you get night and day.
Earth’s twin
Venus is often called earth’s twin because it is nearly the same size as earth. But it is really nothing like our world! Firstly, the thick clouds are made of droplets of sulphuric acid – a chemical so strong it can dissolve metal. The winds in venus blow harder than the strongest hurricane on earth. The sky is constantly li by lightning, wich flashes as often as twenty times a minute. The atmosphere is hotter than that in mercury because it traps heat from the sun – like a greenhouse.
oil slicks
oil pollution is a major problem in the seas. when oil is spilt in the seas, it will float and form a slick. oil, as you know, does not dissolve and it is difficult to remove it. this will have a teerible effect on the environment. a spill can kill at least 30.000 seabords. that is how much damage an oil slick can do. imagine the hundreds of oil slick that occur due to human carelesssnes. effect of pollution in the water can endanger the lives of the animals liveing there
6/6/09
water pollution
we all know that water is very importan for our survival. we can't live without it. yet for something so importan, we treat it very badly.
there are many ways in wich we pollute the water. we use water tu flush away human waste products. we use rivers to carry away our waste. we dump refuse into the lakes and oceans. many industries dump unwanted chemicals into rivers and seas. this is because it cheaper to dispose of it this way. we have been dring this for thousands of years and you can imagine how polluted our rivers are now
there are many ways in wich we pollute the water. we use water tu flush away human waste products. we use rivers to carry away our waste. we dump refuse into the lakes and oceans. many industries dump unwanted chemicals into rivers and seas. this is because it cheaper to dispose of it this way. we have been dring this for thousands of years and you can imagine how polluted our rivers are now
6/5/09
Closest to the sun
Mercury is the closest to the sun. It is also the smallest planet, being two-fifth the size of earth. Like our moon, mercury is a bare, rocky planet covered with thousands of millions of craters. If you were on mercury, the sun will appear many times larger and brighter than it looks from earth. This is because mercury is only abotu 58 million kilomtres away from it. You will fry if you were on the side of mercury facing the sun because it is very hot
Do you know a year in mercury is a long s eighty-eight earth days? But a day in mercury is nearly as long as a year!
Do you know a year in mercury is a long s eighty-eight earth days? But a day in mercury is nearly as long as a year!
The sun’s family
Our earth is part of a family that belongs to the sung. The other members of this family are the eight planets. If you look at the solar system, you will notice that the sun is the other planets revolve around the sun in a path called an orbit.moons, on the other hand, revolve around their respective planets
Save our sun
Scream! Shout! Make as much noise as you can! The dragon is eating the sun!
What? Yes, that was what the ancinet chinese believed when there was and eclipse of the sun. An eclipse of the sun happens when the moon passes betwen the earth and the sun. This means that the sun will be totally blocked so there is darknes on that part of earth. The chinese believed that if everyone made a lot of noise, the dragon would be frightened into leaving the sun alone.
The people who lived long ago knew very litle about science and mathematics. They only knew about things that happened in the part of the world that they lived. So when they looked up at the sky and saw the sun slowly disappearing, they thought that the dragon was swallowing the sun.
What? Yes, that was what the ancinet chinese believed when there was and eclipse of the sun. An eclipse of the sun happens when the moon passes betwen the earth and the sun. This means that the sun will be totally blocked so there is darknes on that part of earth. The chinese believed that if everyone made a lot of noise, the dragon would be frightened into leaving the sun alone.
The people who lived long ago knew very litle about science and mathematics. They only knew about things that happened in the part of the world that they lived. So when they looked up at the sky and saw the sun slowly disappearing, they thought that the dragon was swallowing the sun.
When the planets were born
How old is the earth?no one really knos but astromomers think that the solar system began about 45000 million years ago. In the vast darknes of space, a gigantic cloud of gas and dust once spun around like a huge flat wheel, millions of kilometres across the universe. Most of the gas in the cloud, or nebula, was hydrogen.
After millions of years, the space of the nebula was changed by gravity. This is a force which pulls things towards each other. The gravity of the spinning nebula pulled gas and dust into the centre, creating a tightly packed lump. This huge lump was shaped like a ball and waas the beginning of the stars we call the sun
As the new star grew larger and more larger and more tightly packed, the gas at its centre became very hot, aking the sun shine brightly. Far away from the shining sun, the force of gravity began to pull gas and dust into much smaller centres, like whirlpools in space. Over millions of years, these whirlpools also became tightly packed balls of gas and dust. Today, we know them as the nine planets of our solar system.
After millions of years, the space of the nebula was changed by gravity. This is a force which pulls things towards each other. The gravity of the spinning nebula pulled gas and dust into the centre, creating a tightly packed lump. This huge lump was shaped like a ball and waas the beginning of the stars we call the sun
As the new star grew larger and more larger and more tightly packed, the gas at its centre became very hot, aking the sun shine brightly. Far away from the shining sun, the force of gravity began to pull gas and dust into much smaller centres, like whirlpools in space. Over millions of years, these whirlpools also became tightly packed balls of gas and dust. Today, we know them as the nine planets of our solar system.
In the beginning
Along, long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away, there was abig bang! Matter (dust and gas cloud) was sent flying out in all directions. But what caused the huge cosmic explosion? Astronomers(scientist who study the stars and galaxies) believe that all the matter in the universe was squeezed very tightly into firebll. The temperature of this fireball was so high that it exploded. And that is why this huge explosion is known as the big bang!
Can you guess what happened to the matter that was sent flying after cosmic explosion? It cooled and became stars and galaxies. One of these galaxies became a group of planets known as the solr system
Can you guess what happened to the matter that was sent flying after cosmic explosion? It cooled and became stars and galaxies. One of these galaxies became a group of planets known as the solr system
first man in the world
Prophet adam as is first man in the world wich transitori, he is born without father and mather, he is created from ground, and he is born in heaven.
but devil not like him, and devil to topple adam to the world.
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